Penta-amine-impregnated ultrafiltration support matrix for rapid fabrication of a hyper-cross-linked polyamide membrane

2:

• The filtration membrane of claim 1, wherein the pentaamine in the first layer is physically adsorbed and/or dispersed in the polysulfone and the polyvinylpyrrolidone.

3:

• The filtration membrane of claim 1, wherein the pentaamine in the second layer is covalently cross-linked with units of the phthaloyl chloride through at least one of a primary amine group and a secondary amine group of a first pentaamine and at least one of a primary amine group and a secondary amine group of a second pentaamine.

4:

• The filtration membrane of claim 1, wherein the second layer comprises the polyamide in a hyper-branched cross-linked matrix.

5:

• The filtration membrane of claim 1, wherein the pentaamine is a tetraethylenepentamine.

6:

• The filtration membrane of claim 1, wherein the second layer is in the form of nanoparticles with a diameter of 10 to 500 nm.

7:

• The filtration membrane of claim 1, wherein the first layer is in the form of vertical hollow tubes having a diameter of 0.5 to 10 μm and a length of 5 to 50 μm.

8:

• The filtration membrane of claim 7, wherein the second layer covers the vertical hollow tubes of the first layer.

9:

• The filtration membrane of claim 1, wherein the second layer has a thickness of 0.5 to 5 μm.

10:

• The filtration membrane of claim 1, wherein a water contact angle is from 75 to 85°.

11:

• The filtration membrane of claim 1, comprising carbon in an amount of 75 to 78% by weight, oxygen in an amount of 14 to 17% by weight, sulfur in an amount of 4 to 7% by weight, and nitrogen in an amount of 1 to 4% by weight based on a total weight of the membrane.

12:

• The filtration membrane of claim 1, wherein a surface roughness is from 24 to 27 nm.

14:

• The filtration membrane of claim 1, wherein the membrane has a rate of flux of methanol of 5 to 7 L m−2 h−1 at a pressure of 4 bar.

15:

• The filtration membrane of claim 1, wherein the membrane has a rate of flux of methanol of 25 to 30 L m−2 h−1 at a pressure of 20 bar.

17:

• The filtration membrane of claim 1, wherein the membrane has a rejection profile of solutes from 85 to 100% by weight in methanol.

18:

• The filtration membrane of claim 17, wherein the solutes are Congo Red, Eriochrome Black T, and Methylene Blue.

19:

• The method of claim 16, wherein the solvents are water, methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol.

20:

• The method of claim 16, wherein the solvent is methanol, the solute is Congo Red, and the membrane has a rejection profile from 95 to 100% by weight.