Binary instrumentation for comparative performance and efficiency analysis in emulated environments

A system for testing software, the system comprising:

• a memory including a code repository;
• one or more processors, the one or more processors configured to:
• compile, on a hardware emulator, a first program, wherein the compiled first program includes an ID marker corresponding to an operation of the first program,
• execute, on the hardware emulator, the compiled first program,
• generate, by the hardware emulator based on the execution, a trace of the first program, the trace including the ID marker corresponding to the operation of the first program, and
• map the trace to one or more benchmarks of a representative operation performed on a hardware system by a match of the trace to an ID marker corresponding to the representative operation;
• and
• a hardware system configured to:
• run the representative operation, and
• determine, based on the running of the representative operation, the one or more benchmarks associated with the representative operation.