A non-transitory processor-readable medium storing instructions, that when executed by a processor, cause the processor to:
- receive, at a processor of a communication device from a plurality of communication devices, a plurality of fungible tokens, the communication device storing an account identifier associated with a transaction destination from a plurality of transaction destinations, a first fungible token from the plurality of fungible tokens being of a type same as a second fungible token from the plurality of fungible tokens;
- generate, at the processor of the communication device and based on the plurality of fungible tokens, a non-fungible token having (1) the account identifier uniquely identifying the transaction destination, (2) a value representing a number of the plurality of fungible tokens, and (3) characteristic information associated with the transaction destination;
- and
- send, to a processor of a designated recipient communication device via a distributed ledger-based network, the non-fungible token to establish a chain of custody of the plurality of fungible tokens starting from the transaction originating communication device and ending at the plurality of communication devices, the plurality of communication devices not including the transaction originating communication device or the transaction destination.