The battery management system according to claim 15, wherein the capacitive sensing apparatus further comprises an intermediate capacitive sensing apparatus, the intermediate capacitive sensing apparatus is disposed between the first capacitive sensing apparatus and the second capacitive sensing apparatus, and the shape change of the battery and/or the water content are/is measured based on an inductive capacitance generated by the intermediate capacitive sensing apparatus and the first capacitive sensing apparatus and/or an inductive capacitance generated by the intermediate capacitive sensing apparatus and the second capacitive sensing apparatus;
- or
- the first capacitive sensing apparatus is a first capacitor plate, the second capacitive sensing apparatus is a second capacitor plate, the intermediate capacitive sensing apparatus is a conductor, a semiconductor, or a conductive material, and a surface of the conductor, the semiconductor, and/or the conductive material is coated with a second insulating material;
- or
- the first capacitive sensing apparatus comprises at least two first inductive capacitance portions, the second capacitive sensing apparatus comprises at least two second inductive capacitance portions, the intermediate capacitive sensing apparatus comprises at least two intermediate inductive capacitance portions, the at least two first inductive capacitance portions are disposed in a one-to-one correspondence with the at least two intermediate inductive capacitance portions, the at least two second inductive capacitance portions are disposed in a one-to-one correspondence with the at least two intermediate inductive capacitance portions, a shape of the at least two first inductive capacitance portions, the at least two second inductive capacitance portions, and/or the at least two intermediate inductive capacitance portions is selected from a circle, an ellipse, a triangle, and a polygon, the at least two first inductive capacitance portions are located at different locations, the at least two second inductive capacitance portions are located at different locations, and the at least two intermediate inductive capacitance portions are located at different locations;
- or
- the first capacitive sensing apparatus comprises at least one first inductive capacitance portion, the intermediate capacitive sensing apparatus comprises at least one intermediate inductive capacitance portion, and a quantity of first inductive capacitance portions is different from a quantity of intermediate inductive capacitance portions, so that at least two first inductive capacitance portions correspond to one intermediate inductive capacitance portion or at least two intermediate inductive capacitance portions correspond to one first inductive capacitance portion;
- or
- the second capacitive sensing apparatus comprises at least one second inductive capacitance portion, the intermediate capacitive sensing apparatus comprises at least one intermediate inductive capacitance portion, and a quantity of second inductive capacitance portions is different from a quantity of intermediate inductive capacitance portions, so that at least two second inductive capacitance portions correspond to one intermediate inductive capacitance portion or at least two intermediate inductive capacitance portions correspond to one second inductive capacitance portion;
- or
- the first capacitive sensing apparatus comprises at least one first inductive capacitance portion, the intermediate capacitive sensing apparatus comprises at least one intermediate inductive capacitance portion, wherein the at least one first inductive capacitance portion and the at least one intermediate inductive capacitance portion are strip-shaped, the at least one first inductive capacitance portion extends in a first direction, the at least one intermediate inductive capacitance portion extends in a second direction, and the first direction and the second direction are at a predetermined angle;
- or
- the second capacitive sensing apparatus comprises at least one second inductive capacitance portion, the intermediate capacitive sensing apparatus comprises at least one intermediate inductive capacitance portion, wherein the at least one second inductive capacitance portion and the at least one intermediate inductive capacitance portion are strip-shaped, the at least one second inductive capacitance portion extends in a first direction, the at least one intermediate inductive capacitance portion extends in a second direction, and the first direction and the second direction are at a predetermined angle;
- or
- the intermediate capacitive sensing apparatus is provided with a first intermediate inductive capacitance portion corresponding to the first capacitive sensing apparatus and a second intermediate inductive capacitance portion corresponding to the second capacitive sensing apparatus, and a third insulating material is disposed between the first intermediate inductive capacitance portion and the second intermediate inductive capacitance portion.