A topological insulation device having negative thermal expansion, comprising a plurality of first assemblies, a plurality of second assemblies, a plurality of third assemblies, and a substrate that is heat-insulating, three types of assemblies comprising the plurality of first assemblies, the plurality of second assemblies and the plurality of third assemblies being constructed by different numbers of assembly units,
- each of the assembly units being a broken-line-shaped structure formed by a first rod segment, a second rod segment, a third rod segment, and a fourth rod segment connected in sequence, and the first rod segment, the second rod segment, the third rod segment and the fourth rod segment all having positive thermal expansion and having a same linear expansion coefficient, wherein one end of the first rod segment is a free end, another end of the first rod segment is connected to one end of the second rod segment through a first connection point, another end of the second rod segment is connected to one end of the third rod segment through a second connection point, another end of the third rod segment is connected to one end of the fourth rod segment through a third connection point, another end of the fourth rod segment is a free end, In a non-working state, the first rod segment and the second rod segment are mirror symmetrical to the third rod segment and the fourth rod segment respectively, the free end of the first rod segment, the second connection point, and the free end of the fourth rod segment are located at three corner points of a square, and the first rod segment and the fourth rod segment are located on two adjacent sides of the square respectively,
- each of the plurality of first assemblies is formed by four of the assembly units spliced into a centrosymmetric structure, wherein the first rod segment of any of the four assembly units is integrated with and is connected to the fourth rod segment of an adjacent one of the four assembly units as a whole to act as a negative thermal expansion segment,
- each of the plurality of second assemblies is formed by two of the assembly units spliced into a mirror-symmetric structure, wherein the first rod segment of one of the two assembly units is integrated with and is connected to the fourth rod segment of an adjacent one of the two assembly units as a whole to act as a negative thermal expansion segment, and the first rod segment and the fourth rod segment that are unconnected in each of the two assembly units both act as positive thermal expansion segments,
- each of the plurality of third assemblies is formed by a single one of the assembly units, in which the first rod segment and the fourth rod segment of the single one assembly unit both act as positive thermal expansion segments,
- the three types of assemblies are assembled on the substrate to form an outer heat-conduction ring and a thermal insulation region wrapped by the outer heat-conduction ring, the plurality of second assemblies and the plurality of third assemblies are spliced into a ring shape sequentially to form the outer heat-conduction ring, the thermal insulation region is formed by the plurality of the first assemblies arranged in a periodic array, second connection points of all the three types of assemblies in the outer heat-conduction ring and the thermal insulation region are fixed on the substrate and are unable to move, first connection points and third connection points of the three types of assemblies are allowed to move freely;
- in the outer heat-conduction ring, any two adjacent ones of the assemblies are collinearly or parallelly connected through their positive thermal expansion segments;
- in the thermal insulation region, only one negative thermal expansion segment in each of any two adjacent ones of the first assemblies is collinearly connected to another only one negative thermal expansion segment, and one negative thermal expansion segment in each of the first assemblies located at an edge of the thermal insulation region and a corresponding one of the assemblies in the outer heat-conduction ring is collinearly connected to each other.