Systems and method for treating a substrate

Abstract

Disclosed herein is a pretreatment composition comprising a Group IVB metal in an amount of 200 ppm to 5.000 ppm based on total weight of the pretreatment composition, total fluoride in an amount of 1.000 ppm to 25.000 ppm based on total weight of the pretreatment composition and an electropositive metal. Also disclosed herein is a pretreatment composition comprising a Group IVB metal in an amount greater than 500 ppm based on total weight of the pretreatment composition and free fluoride in an amount of 50 ppm to 750 ppm based on total weight of the pretreatment composition, wherein the pretreatment composition has a pHI greater than 4. Also disclosed herein are systems and methods for treating a substrate. Also disclosed herein are treated substrates.

Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.