Monochromatic x-ray imaging systems and methods

A monochromatic x-ray device comprising:

• an electron source configured to emit electrons;
• a primary target configured to produce broadband x-ray radiation in response to incident electrons from the electron source;
• a secondary target configured to generate monochromatic x-ray radiation via fluorescence in response to incident broadband x-ray radiation;
• and
• a housing for the secondary target comprising an aperture through which monochromatic x-ray radiation from the secondary target is emitted, the housing configured to position the secondary target so that at least some of the broadband x-ray radiation emitted by the primary target is incident on the secondary target so that, when the monochromatic x-ray device is operated, monochromatic x-ray radiation is emitted via the aperture having a monochromaticity of greater than or equal to 0.7 across a field of view of at least approximately 15 degrees.