Non-isocyanate polyurethane foam composition and method of making the same

A thermoset non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) foam composition comprising a reaction product of:

• (a) a bio-derived polycyclic carbonate having a plurality of cyclic carbonate functional groups, a bio-derived polyamine having a plurality of amine functional groups, and a foaming ingredient configured to produce the NIPU foam composition, wherein the foaming ingredient comprises a carbonate-based chemical foaming blowing agent, and wherein the polycyclic carbonate and the polyamine form a urethane bond;
• (b) a catalyst reacted with the polycyclic carbonate and the polyamine prior to combining with the foaming ingredient;
• (c) an accelerant and a surfactant provided as additional foaming ingredients configured to generate the NIPU foam composition having desired properties,
• wherein the accelerant includes acid and/or water,
• wherein the plurality of cyclic carbonate functional groups and the plurality of amine functional groups are provided in a ratio in a range from 4:1 to 1:4,
• wherein the bio-derived polycyclic carbonate and the bio-derived polyamine form a urethane bond, and
• wherein characteristics of the NIPU foam composition are tunable by changing cure temperature, acid composition, and/or water content.