A hydrogel formed from a thiolated polysaccharide derivative and an aqueous solvent, wherein the mass percentage concentration of the thiolated polysaccharide derivative in the aqueous solvent is 2% to 10%, and the thiol substitution degree of the thiolated polysaccharide derivative is 3% to 25%, and wherein the polysaccharide derivative is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethyl hyaluronic acid, hydroxypropyl hyaluronic acid, acetyl hyaluronic acid, butyryl hyaluronic acid, aminoacetic hyaluronic acid, aminopropionic hyaluronic acid, aminobutyric hyaluronic acid, hydrazide hyaluronic acid, carboxymethyl chitosan, carboxyethyl chitosan, hydroxyethyl chitosan, hydroxypropyl chitosan, hydroxybutyl chitosan, succinyl chitosan, aminoacetic chitosan, aminopropionic chitosan, aminobutyric chitosan, hydroxyethyl succinyl chitosan, hydroxypropyl succinyl chitosan, hydroxybutyl succinyl chitosan, carboxymethyl chitin, carboxyethyl chitin, other hyaluronic acid derivatives, and other water-soluble chitin/chitosan derivatives.