Nanoparticles sequentially exposed to low intensity acoustic waves for medical or cosmetic applications

A system comprising:

• a composition comprising nanoparticles,
• and
• an equipment E producing an unfocused heating radiation,
• wherein the nanoparticle(s) comprised in said composition has at least one property selected in the group consisting of:
• i) a concentration Cn that is smaller than 10 g of the nanoparticle(s) or gram of iron comprised in nanoparticles per 1 mL or 1 cm3 of the composition,
• ii) a concentration Cn that is smaller than 1050 nanoparticles per 1 mL or 1 cm3 of the composition
• iii) a specific absorption rate that is smaller than 1000 Watt per gram of nanoparticles or per gram of metal comprised in said nanoparticles,
• and
• iv) a concentration Cn and/or specific absorption rate SAR that is/are suitable or kept sufficient small for preventing the heating of the composition upon the application of the radiation, ΔT, to exceed 5° C. per second,
• wherein the radiation is selected in the group consisting of:
• i) an electromagnetic radiation that is different from an alternating magnetic field, ii) an acoustic wave, and iii) a mechanical wave,
• wherein the equipment E comprises at least one piece of equipment PE emitting the radiation selected in the group consisting of:
• a) a transducer, b) a segment, c) a catheter, d) a probe, c) an endoscope, and d) a fiber,
• wherein the at least one piece of equipment PE is configured or used to apply a heating radiation that increases an initial temperature of the body part, which is preferentially the physiological temperature, to a temperature, by a certain amount designated as temperature increase of the body part that has at least one property selected from the group consisting of:
• (i) the temperature increase of the body part is between 1 and 30° C.,
• (ii) the temperature increase of the body part is lower than 30° C., wherein the temperature increase of the body part is equal to TNPBP minus TBP, where TNPBP is the temperature or the temperature increase of the body part of which the nanoparticles are exposed to the radiation, and TBP is the temperature or temperature increase of the body part of which the nanoparticles are not exposed to the radiation or the temperature or temperature increase of the body part not comprising the nanoparticles not exposed to the radiation,
• wherein the at least one piece of equipment PE is configured or used to apply unfocused radiation on the body part,
• wherein the unfocused radiation has at least one property selected in the group consisting of:
• i) the unfocused radiation is applied on regions comprising the nanoparticle(s) and regions not comprising the nanoparticle(s),
• ii) the unfocused radiation covers at least 50% of the body part, where this percentage represents the volume of the body part exposed to the unfocused heating radiation divided by the total volume of the body part,
• iii) the unfocused radiation covers more than 10% of the body part, using less than 2 application spot(s), where the application spot is defined as the radiation volume that is covered or targeted during a single application of the radiation,
• iv) the unfocused radiation covers at least 10−5% of the nanoparticle(s), where this percentage represents the number of nanoparticle(s) exposed to the radiation divided by the total number of nanoparticle(s),
• v) the unfocused radiation is located at least partly outside the body part or nanoparticle region,
• vi) the unfocused radiation covers a radiation volume, which has at least one property selected in the group consisting of:
• a) the radiation volume is larger than 10−1 cm3,
• and
• b) the radiation volume is larger than the radiation volume that is reached with a focused radiation,
• and
• vii) the unfocused radiation is applied on at least one pathological cell or site and on at least one healthy cell or site,
• wherein the at least one piece of equipment PE is configured or used to apply radiation as part of at least one session, each session consists of more than one sequence of application of the radiation, each sequence consisting of:
• a) an application of the radiation for a time t1 followed by non-application of the radiation a time t2, wherein the time t2 is sufficiently short so that the temperature of the body part does not return to the initial temperature, wherein the time t1 is longer than one second,
• or
• b) an application of the radiation with a first set of parameters during a time t1 followed by the application of another radiation with a second set of parameters during a time t3, wherein the radiation applied during the time t3 has an intensity, a power, an energy, or a frequency lower than an intensity, a power, an energy or a frequency of the radiation applied during the time t1,
• wherein the time t1 is longer than 1 second, wherein t3 is sufficiently short so that the temperature of the body part does not return to the initial temperature,
• wherein a time lapse separating each session is longer than t1, t2, t3, t1+t2, or t1+t3,
• wherein the at least one piece of equipment PE is configured or used to apply a radiation that has at least one property selected from the group consisting of:
• a) an intensity, power or power density that is lower than 103 Watt, or Watt per a unit selected from the group consisting of:
• i) length or cm, ii) surface area or cm2, iii) volume or cm3 iv) length or cm of body part, v) surface area or cm2 of body part, vi) volume or cm3 of body part, vii) length or cm of transducer, viii) surface area or cm2 of transducer, and ix) volume or cm3 of transducer,
• b) an intensity, a power or power density lower than 106 W per gram of nanoparticles,
• c) an energy or energy density that is lower than 109 W·sec or J, or W·sec or J per a unit selected from the group consisting of:
• i) length or cm, ii) surface area or cm2, iii) volume or cm3, iv) length or cm of body part, v) surface area or cm2 of body part, vi) volume or cm3 of body part, vii) length or cm of transducer, viii) surface area or cm2 of transducer, ix) mass or gram of nanoparticles, and x) volume or cm3 of transducer, and
• d) a frequency that is larger than 0.01 MHz,
• wherein the system is configured used for treating a body part of an individual with the radiation by the steps:
• administering nanoparticles optionally having a compound attached thereto, to the individual, said nanoparticles being located in a nanoparticle region selected from the group consisting of:
• i) a portion the body part, ii) a volume occupied by the nanoparticles in the body part, and iii) a volume occupied by the nanoparticles outside of the body part;
• and
• applying the heating radiation on the body part after administering the nanoparticles to or in the nanoparticle region directly or indirectly,
• wherein the physiological temperature is selected in the group consisting of:
• i) the temperature of a healthy individual or of blood or of the rectum or of the mouth or of at least one organ or of a body part or of the entire body of a healthy individual, ii) the temperature of a body part of an individual or a whole individual lying within the range of 36.5 to 37.5° C. or within the range of 30 or 35° C. to 40 or 42° C., and iii) a temperature of a body part of an individual or of a whole individual that is different from a temperature of or reached during hypothermia or hyperthermia of the body part of the individual or of the whole individual, preferentially by at least 0, 0.1, 1, 2 or 5° C.,
• wherein the nanoparticle region is a region that comprises a certain concentration of nanoparticles.