In-situ weld pool spectrum radiation process characterization

A method for additively manufacturing comprising:

• applying an energy beam to melt a material to form a weld pool that cools to form a portion of a build piece;
• obtaining spectral information from the weld pool;
• and
• adjusting, based on the spectral information, a process parameter to shape the weld pool to obtain a desired effective absorptivity of a portion of the weld pool.

A method for additively manufacturing comprising:

• applying an energy beam to melt a material to form a weld pool that cools to form a portion of a build piece, wherein the weld pool includes a mushy zone;
• obtaining mushy zone information of the mushy zone;
• and
• modifying a process parameter based on the mushy zone information.

A method for additively manufacturing comprising:

• applying an energy beam to melt a material to form a weld pool that cools to form a portion of a build piece, wherein the weld pool includes a mushy zone;
• obtaining mushy zone information of the mushy zone;
• processing the mushy zone information to obtain processed mushy zone information;
• obtaining an evaluation based on the processed mushy zone information;
• and
• determining a defect condition of the additive manufacturing based on the evaluation.

A three-dimensional (3-D) printer for additively manufacturing comprising:

• a depositor configured to deposit material;
• an energy beam source configured to generate an energy beam, wherein the energy beam is configured to melt a region of the material to form a weld pool that cools to form a portion of a build piece;
• a first device configured to obtain spectral information from the region;
• and
• a processor or a computer in communication with the first device and configured to:
• process the spectral information to obtain processed spectral information,
• perform an evaluation based on the processed spectral information, and
• determine a defect condition of the additive manufacturing based on the evaluation.

A three-dimensional (3-D) printer for additively manufacturing comprising:

• a depositor configured to deposit material;
• an energy beam source configured to generate an energy beam, wherein the energy beam is configured to melt a region of the material to form a weld pool that cools to form a portion of a build piece;
• a first device configured to obtain spectral information from the region;
• and
• a controller configured to adjust, based on the spectral information, a process parameter to shape the weld pool to obtain a desired effective absorptivity of a portion of the weld pool.

A three-dimensional (3-D) printer for additively manufacturing comprising:

• a depositor configured to deposit material;
• an energy beam source configured to generate an energy beam, wherein the energy beam is configured to melt a region of the material to form a weld pool that cools to form a portion of a build piece;
• a first device configured to obtain information of the weld pool;
• and
• a controller configured to modify, based on the information, a process parameter to maintain an acceptable temperature of the weld pool during additively manufacturing of a build piece.

A three-dimensional (3-D) printer for additively manufacturing comprising:

• a depositor configured to deposit material;
• an energy beam source configured to generate an energy beam, wherein the energy beam is configured to melt a region of the material to form a weld pool that cools to form a portion of a build piece, wherein the weld pool includes a mushy zone;
• a first device configured to obtain mushy zone information from the mushy zone;
• and
• a controller configured to modify a process parameter based on the mushy zone information.

A three-dimensional (3-D) printer for additively manufacturing comprising:

• a depositor configured to deposit material;
• an energy beam source configured to generate an energy beam, wherein the energy beam is configured to melt a region of the material to form a weld pool that cools to form a portion of a build piece, wherein the weld pool includes a mushy zone;
• a first device configured to obtain mushy zone information from the mushy zone;
• and
• a processor or a computer in communication with the first device and configured to:
• process the mushy zone information to obtain processed mushy zone information,
• perform an evaluation based on the processed mushy zone information, and
• determine a defect condition of the additive manufacturing based on the evaluation.