Use of surfactant formulations comprising long-chain alcohols in aqueous polyurethane dispersions

15:

• The process according to claim 14, wherein the at least one long-chain alcohol comprises an alcohol with the general formula (I)
• R1—OH Formula (I),
• wherein R1 is a monovalent aliphatic or aromatic, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched hydrocarbyl radical having 12 to 40 carbon atoms.

16:

• The process according to claim 14, wherein the at least one long-chain alcohol is selected from the group consisting of lauryl alcohol (1-dodecanol), myristyl alcohol (1-tetradecanol), cetyl alcohol (1-hexadecanol), margaryl alcohol (1-heptadecanol), stearyl alcohol (1-octadecanol), arachidyl alcohol (1-eicosanol), behenyl alcohol (1-docosanol), lignoceryl alcohol (1-tetracosanol), ceryl alcohol (1-hexacosanol), montanyl alcohol (1-octacosanol), melissyl alcohol (1-triacontanol), palmitoleyl alcohol (cis-9-hexadecen-1-ol), oleyl alcohol (cis-9-octadecen-1-ol), elaidyl alcohol (trans-9-octadecen-1-ol), respective structural isomers of the same empirical formulae, and mixtures of these substances.

17:

• The process according to claim 14, wherein the at least one long-chain alcohol is selected from the group consisting of cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, and mixtures of these substances.

18:

• The process according to claim 14, wherein the at least one long-chain alcohol is a branched primary or secondary alcohol.

19:

• The process according to claim 14, wherein the at least one long-chain alcohol is a Guerbet alcohol or a branched secondary alcohol formed by paraffin oxidation by the Bashkirov method.

20:

• The process according to claim 14, wherein the at least one interface-active foam stabilizer and the at least one long-chain alcohol are pre-formulated.

21:

• The process according to claim 14, wherein the at least one interface-active foam stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of amphoteric surfactants and betaines, amidopropyl betaines, amphoacetates, anionic surfactants, alkyl or alkylaryl sulfosuccinates, sulfosuccinamates, sulfates, sulfonates, phosphates, citrates, carboxylic salts, nonionic surfactants, polyol ethers, polyol esters, and mixtures of these substances.

22:

• The process according to claim 14, wherein the at least one interface-active foam stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of polyol ethers, polyol esters, alkyl phosphates, alkyl citrates, and mixtures of these substances.

23:

• The process according to claim 14, wherein the at least one interface-active foam stabilizer is an alkyl phosphate, an alkyl citrate, or a mixture thereof.

24:

• The process according to claim 23, wherein the alkyl phosphate is a phosphoric ester of a long-chain alcohol having at least 12 carbon atoms;
• and wherein the alkyl citrate is a citric ester of a long-chain alcohol having at least 12 carbon atoms.

25:

• The process according to claim 23, wherein the alkyl phosphate is a phosphoric ester of a long-chain alcohol having a degree of esterification in the range of 1-2.5;
• and wherein the alkyl citrate is a citric ester of a long-chain alcohol having a degree of esterification in the range of 1-2.6.

26:

• The process according to claim 14, wherein the surfactant formulation comprises at least one further surfactant.

27:

• The process according to claim 26, wherein the at least one further surfactant is selected from the group consisting of fatty acid amides, ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymers, amine oxides, quaternary ammonium surfactants, amphoacetates, ammonium and/or alkali metal salts of fatty acids, silicone-based surfactants, trisiloxane surfactants, polyethersiloxanes, and mixtures of these substances.

28:

• The process according to claim 14, wherein the at least one aqueous polymer dispersion is selected from the group consisting of polystyrene dispersions, polybutadiene dispersions, poly(meth)acrylate dispersions, polyvinyl ester dispersions, and polyurethane dispersions, and
• wherein a solids content of the at least one aqueous polymer dispersion is in the range of 20-70% by weight, based on an overall dispersion.

29:

• The process according to claim 14, wherein the at least one aqueous polymer dispersion is a polyurethane dispersion.

30:

• The process according to claim 29, wherein a solids content of the at least one aqueous polymer dispersion is in the range of 20-70% by weight, based on an overall dispersion.

31:

• The process according to claim 14, wherein a total concentration of the at least one interface-active foam stabilizer and the at least one long-chain alcohol in the mixture is in the range of 0.2-20% by weight.

32:

• A porous polymer coating, produced from the process according to claim 14.