Electrochemical cell with bilayer electrocatalyst structure

A method of fabricating an electrochemical cell, the method comprising:

• providing a functional layer on an electrolyte membrane layer, the functional layer having a first surface and an opposing second surface, the first surface of the functional layer contacting the electrolyte membrane layer, the functional layer including a carbon material, an ionomer material, and optionally a catalyst material;
• and
• providing a cathode material on the opposing second surface of the functional layer to form a cathode layer, and the electrolyte membrane layer, the functional layer, and the cathode layer forming a portion of the electrochemical cell.