Multi-configurable sensing array and methods of using same

An apparatus comprising:

• an array of a plurality of sensing devices provided on a substrate, wherein each sensing device in the array comprises:
• a working electrode with semiconducting nanostructures disposed thereon;
• a capture reagent coupled to the semiconducting nanostructures to selectively bind to a respective target analyte in a sample;
• and
• a respective counter electrode;
• and
• at least one common reference electrode shared by two or more of the plurality of sensing devices.

A method comprising:

• providing a sample on a test device comprising an array of sensing devices provided on a substrate;
• sensing, using the array of sensing devices, any one of a plurality of different target analytes, wherein each sensing device in the array comprises a working electrode with semiconducting nanostructures disposed thereon and a capture reagent coupled to the semiconducting nanostructures to selectively bind to and sense a respective target analyte in the sample;
• and
• determining, from the array of sensing devices both presence and concentration of one or more of the respective target analytes from the array of sensing devices.

A system comprising:

• a module comprising:
• an array of a plurality of sensing devices provided on a substrate, wherein the each sensing device in the array comprises:
• a working electrode with semiconducting nanostructures disposed thereon;
• a capture reagent coupled to the semiconducting nanostructures to selectively bind to a respective target analyte in a sample;
• and
• a respective counter electrode;
• and
• at least one common reference electrode shared by two or more of the plurality of sensing devices;
• and
• sensing circuitry to determine both presence and concentration of one or more of the respective target analytes from the array of sensing devices.

A non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to:

• collect electrical signals from an array of sensing devices provided on a substrate, each sensing device in the array comprising a working electrode comprising:
• semiconducting nanostructures disposed thereon and a capture reagent coupled to the semiconducting nanostructures to selectively bind to a respective target analyte;
• simultaneously detect changes to electron and ion mobility and charge accumulation from the collected electrical signals when the capture reagents in the array of sensing devices selectively bind to the corresponding target analytes in the sample;
• and
• determine the presence and concentrations of the plurality of different target analytes in the sample based on the detected changes.