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US 2023/0407500 A1Published application
Polytriaminopyrimidine (g-ptap) photocatalyst for overall water splitting
AssigneeKing Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
InventorsAbuzar KHAN, Mohd Yusuf KHAN
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Abstract
A photoelectrode includes a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate, and a layer of graphitic-poly(2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine) (g-PTAP) nanoflakes at least partially covering a surface of the FTO substrate. Further, the g-PTAP nanoflakes have a width of 0.1 to 5 micrometers (μm). In addition, a method for producing the photoelectrode, and a method for photocatalytic water splitting, in which the photoelectrode is used.
Claims17
1:
- A photoelectrode, comprising:
- a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate;
- and
- a layer of graphitic-poly (2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine) (g-PTAP) nanoflakes at least partially covering a surface of the FTO substrate;
- wherein the layer of g-PTAP nanoflakes has a sheet like morphology;
- wherein the g-PTAP nanoflakes have an average thickness of 5 to 100 nanometer (nm);
- wherein the g-PTAP nanoflakes have an average length of 0.2 to 10.0 micrometers (μm);
- and
- wherein the g-PTAP nanoflakes have an average width of 0.1 to 5.0 μm.
6 more elements
2:
- The photoelectrode of claim 1, wherein the g-PTAP nanoflakes have a width in a range of 0.5 to 1.5 μm.
3:
- The photoelectrode of claim 1, wherein the layer of g-PTAP nanoflakes has a pore size in a range of 1 to 1000 nm.
4:
- The photoelectrode of claim 1, wherein the g-PTAP nanoflakes have an interlayer stacking of repeated triazine units.
5:
- The photoelectrode of claim 1, wherein the g-PTAP nanoflakes are arranged in an aggregated lamellae form and are slackly packed.
6:
- The photoelectrode of claim 1, wherein the g-PTAP nanoflakes have a maximum light absorbance in a visible range.
7:
- The photoelectrode of claim 1, wherein the photoelectrode has a band gap at 1.2 to 2.5 electron volts (eV).
8:
- The photoelectrode of claim 7, having a band gap at 1.5 to 2.0 eV.
9:
- The photoelectrode of claim 1, wherein the g-PTAP nanoflakes have a broad and intense peak in a range of 2 theta (θ) value 25 to 30° in an X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum.
10:
- The photoelectrode of claim 1, wherein the g-PTAP nanoflakes have a first main peak in a range of 280 to 290 eV in an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectrum, and a second main peak in a range of 394 to 398 eV in the XPS.
11:
- The photoelectrode of claim 1, wherein the g-PTAP nanoflakes have peaks at 1250 to 1600 centimeter inverse (cm−1) and 3100 to 3500 cm−1 in a Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR).
12:
- The photoelectrode of claim 11, wherein the g-PTAP nanoflakes have peaks at 1500 to 1590 cm−1 and 3300 to 3450 cm−1 in the FT-IR.
13:
- A method for producing the photoelectrode of claim 1, comprising:
- thermal vapor condensation polymerizing (TVCP) 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine (TAP) onto the FTO substrate at a temperature in a range of 250 to 500 degrees Celsius (° C.) to form a poly (2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine) (PTAP) and a layer of PTAP at least partially covering the surface of FTO substrate.
14:
- The method for producing photoelectrode of claim 13, wherein the TVCP further comprising:
- heating the poly (2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine) (PTAP) and the FTO substrate with the PTAP layer on the surface at a temperature in a range of 250 to 800° C. to form graphitic-poly (2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine) (g-PTAP) nanoflakes and the layer of g-PTAP nanoflakes at least partially covering the surface of FTO substrate.
15:
- The method for producing photoelectrode of claim 13, wherein the 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine and the fluorine-doped tin oxide substrate are heated in a range of 300 to 500° C.
16:
- A method of photocatalytic water splitting, comprising:
- irradiating a photoelectrochemical cell comprising the photoelectrode of claim 1 and water with sunlight to form hydrogen and oxygen.
17:
- The method of photocatalytic water splitting of claim 16, which has a repeatability of at least 99%.