Enhanced systems for cell-mediated oncolytic viral therapy

A cell-assisted viral expression system (CAVES), comprising a carrier cell and an oncolytic virus, wherein:

• the carrier cell comprising the oncolytic virus was produced by infection of the cell with virus at a low MOI, followed by incubation for sufficient time under conditions in which proteins encoded by the virus are expressed, whereby:
• the carrier cell expresses at least one immunomodulatory protein or recombinant therapeutic protein encoded by the virus by virtue of association of the virus with the carrier cell, but by virtue of the low MOI the virus does not lyse the cell;
• and
• the carrier cell is not a tumor cell.