Flow Cell Horn And Method Of Tuning

An ultrasonic horn comprising:

• a generally cylindrical input section having a diameter (DI), a length (LI) and an energy input end adapted to be operably connected to an ultrasonic converter or booster, the energy input end comprising a generally flat surface;
• a generally cylindrical output section having a diameter (DO), a length (LO) and a free end defining an energy output end, comprising a generally flat surface;
• a throat section disposed between said input section and said output section, said throat section being defined by a side wall having a continuous curve and having a diameter tapering down from a diameter generally equal to the diameter (DI) of said input section on a side connected to said input section, and tapering down from a diameter generally equal to the diameter (DO) of said output section on a side connected to said output section, to a minimum throat diameter (DT),
• wherein the minimum throat diameter (DT) is smaller than the diameter (DO) of said output section and the diameter (DO) of said output section is smaller than the diameter (DI) of said input section;
• and
• wherein the side wall of said throat section has a constant radius of curvature (R).