Three-Dimensional Printing Processes Using 1,1-Di-Activated Vinyl Compounds

A three-dimensional article comprising:

• a plurality of cross-sectional layers bonded together, each cross-sectional layer comprising:
• a solid binder comprising a reaction product of a 1,1-di-activated vinyl compound, or a multifunctional form thereof, or a combination thereof;
• and
• a plurality of solid particles in the solid binder, wherein the solid particles comprise an activator compound chemically and/or physically absorbed onto surfaces of the solid particles.

A three-dimensional article obtained by a process for producing an article by three-dimensional printing, the process comprising:

• positioning a layer of solid particles in a planar bed, wherein the solid particles comprise an activator compound chemically and/or physically adsorbed onto surfaces of the solid particles;
• applying a liquid binder over a predetermined area of the layer of solid particles, the liquid binder comprising a 1,1-di-activated vinyl compound, or a multifunctional form thereof, or a combination thereof;
• infiltrating gaps between the solid particles with the liquid binder in the predetermined area of the layer of solid particles to form a first cross-sectional layer of an article;
• and
• reacting the 1,1-di-activated vinyl compound, or multifunctional form thereof, or combination thereof, thereby solidifying the liquid binder and binding the solid particles in the first cross-sectional layer of the article.