Method for directional transmission of energy in the form of at least one energy packet

A system for directional transmission of energy in the form of at least one energy packet with a transmission network and a data and computer network,

• wherein the transmission network comprises
• at least two nodes, one of which is a supply node KQ and one of which is a demand node KS,
• at least one edge, wherein each edge connects exactly two nodes,
• at least one power controller, wherein the at least one power controller is arranged and located such that, by means of the at least one power controller for at least one location x on each edge, a physical power pφ(x,t) actually flowing via the respective edge is settable,
• a plurality of sources Q, wherein each of the sources Q is connected to a supply node via a supply edge KQ, and
• a plurality of loads S, wherein each of the loads S is connected to a demand node KS via a demand edge,
• wherein the data and computer network comprises
• at least one computer node and
• at least one control instance executed on the at least one computer node, wherein the data and computer network is configured and operatively connected to the at least one power controller such that, during operation of the system, the physical power pφ(x,t) is controllable by the at least one power controller for at least one location on each edge by the control instance,
• wherein the at least one control instance of the at least one computer node is configured such that, during operation of the system, the control instance executes a method comprising the steps of:
• A) forming a data packet, wherein the data packet is biuniquely assigned to exactly one energy packet, wherein the data packet defines the respective energy packet and wherein the data packet describes
• i) a transmission period T of the energy packet with a duration DT and an execution time t0, which marks the beginning of the transmission period T,
• ii) a predetermined transport path of a transport graph of the transmission network for the directed transmission of the energy packet, which transport path connects at least one of the plurality of sources Q with exactly one of the plurality of loads S, wherein the exactly one of the plurality of sources Q is connected via exactly one supply edge to a supply node KQ of the previously determined transport path and the exactly one load S is connected via a demand edge of the predetermined transport path to the demand node KS, and
• iii) an equivalence class {pnom(t),R(t),T} of the energy packet,
• wherein the equivalence class {pnom(t),R,T} is given by
• a nominal power pnom(t) of the energy packet as a function of time, wherein the nominal power pnom(t) is determined beforehand by at least one prediction, and a remainder R(t) as a function of time and as a function of a prediction uncertainty of the at least one prediction,
• wherein for each point in time t within the transmission period T of the energy packet there is a μ(t), with −1≤μ(t)<1 or with −1<μ(t)≤1 or with −1≤μ(t)≤1 so that the physical power pφ(x,t) during the transmission of the energy packet at any point in time t and at at least one location on each edge of the transport path is fixed as the sum of the nominal power pnom(t) and the product of μ(t) and the remainder R(t),
• wherein the equivalence class is defined by an equivalence relation, according to which equivalence relation, for each point in time t of the transmission period T, a first physical power p′φ({circumflex over (x)},t) at any location {circumflex over (x)} of an edge of the transport path and a second physical power pφ(x,t) at any location x of an edge of the transport path are equivalent only if there is a predetermined remainder R(t) greater than or equal to zero and less than or equal to a limit value Rmax and a μ(t), with −1≤μ(t)<1 or with −1<μ(t)≤1 or with −1≤μ(t)≤1 so that the first physical power p′φ(x,t) is equal to the sum of the second physical power pφ(x,t) and the product of μ(t) and the remainder R(t),
• B) prior to the execution time t0 transmitting the data packet to all control instances of the data and computer network to which the power controllers are connected for controlling the physical power, so that all data necessary for transmitting an energy packet are coherent on the control instances, and
• C) beginning with the execution time t0 transmitting the energy packet biuniquely assigned to the data packet,
• wherein for all points in time t within the transmission period T of the energy packet, the physical power pφ(x,t) flowing on the transport path between the supply node KQ and the demand node KS is set at at least one location x of each edge of the transport path in such a way that the physical power fed into the demand nodes KS is an element of the equivalence class {pnom(t),R(t),T} described by the data packet.

A method for directional transmission of energy in the form of at least one energy packet from a plurality of sources Q via at least two nodes, one of which is a supply node KQ connected via a supply edge to one of the plurality of sources Q and one of which is a demand node KS connected via a demand edge to a load S, and via a plurality of edges to a plurality of loads S in a transmission network, the transmission network being controllable by means of a data and computer network in such a way that for at least one location x on each of the plurality of edges an actually flowing physical power pφ(x,t) is controllable by a control instance of the data and computer network, which method comprises the steps of:

• A) forming a data packet for each energy packet, wherein the data packet is biuniquely assigned to exactly one energy packet, wherein the data packet defines the respective energy packet, and wherein the data packet describes
• i. a transmission period T of the energy packet with a duration DT and an execution time t0, which execution time t0 identifies the start of the transmission period T,
• ii. a predetermined transport path of a transport graph of the transmission network for the directed transmission of the energy packet, which transport path connects at least one of the plurality of sources Q with exactly one of the plurality of loads, wherein the exactly one of the plurality of sources Q is connected to a supply node KQ of the predetermined transport path via exactly one supply edge and the exactly one load S is connected to the demand node KS via a demand edge of the predetermined transport path,
• iii. an equivalence class {pnom(t),R(t),T} of the energy packet,
• wherein the equivalence class is given by
• a nominal power pnom(t) of the energy packet as a function of time, wherein the nominal power pnom(t) is determined beforehand by at least one prediction, and a remainder R(t) as a function of time and as a function of a prediction uncertainty of the at least one prediction, and
• iv. a predetermined compensation path of the transport graph of the electrical transmission network connecting a predetermined compensation node KSAS node to the demand node via a plurality of edges, wherein the compensation node KSAS at any point in time t of the transmission period T of the energy packet either can receive a physical power up to a predetermined maximum compensation power C(t), wherein the predetermined maximum compensation power C(t) as a function of the remainder R(t), or can deliver a physical power up to the maximum compensation power C(t), optionally increased by a loss drop determined by a prediction, via the compensation path,
• wherein for each point in time t within the transmission period T of the energy packet there is a μ(t), with −1≤μ(t)<1 or with −1<μ(t)≤1 or with −1≤μ(t)≤1, such that the physical power p t) during the transmission of the energy packet at each point in time t and at at least one location x on each edge of the transport path is fixed as the sum of the nominal power pnom(t) and the product of μ(t) and the remainder R(t),
• wherein the equivalence class is defined by an equivalence relation,
• according to which equivalence relation, for any point in time t of the transmission period T, a first physical power p′φ({circumflex over (x)},t) at any location of an edge of the transport path and a second physical power pφ(x,t) at any location x of an edge of the transport path are equivalent only if there is a predetermined remainder R(t) greater than or equal to zero and less than or equal to a limit value Rmax and a μ(t), with −1≤μ(t)<1 or with −1<μ(t)≤1 or with −1≤μ(t)≤1, such that the first physical power p′φ({circumflex over (x)},t) is equal to the sum of the second physical power pφ(x,t) and the product of μ(t) and the remainder R(t),
• B) prior to the execution time t0 transmitting the data packet to all control instances of at least all nodes or all edges on the transport path,
• C) beginning with the execution time t0 transmitting the energy packet biuniquely assigned to the data packet,
• wherein for all points in time t within the transmission period T of the energy packet, the physical power pφ(x,t) flowing on the transport path between the supply node KQ and the demand node KS is set at at least one location x of each edge of the transport path in such a way that the physical power fed into the demand nodes K, is an element of the equivalence class {pnom(t),R(t),T} described by the data packet,
• wherein, in step C), the physical power flowing between the compensation node KSAS and at least the demand node KS and is controlled for at least one location on the plurality of edges of the compensation path such that the physical power at the at least one location x is at any point in time t within the transmission period T an element of an equivalence class {pnom(t)=0,R(t)=C(t),T} with a nominal power pnom(t) of zero and a remainder having the value of the previously determined maximum compensation power C(t) and such that at at least one location x of the demand edge the physical power pnom(x,t) flowing through the demand edge between the demand node KS and the load S connected to this demand node is equal to the nominal power pnom(t) of the energy packet plus a compensation power δ′(t) as a function of the prediction,
• the method for directional transmission of energy for an arbitrary prediction period Tprog with a prediction start t0prog and a prediction duration DTprog further comprising the steps of, at a prediction point in time which is prior to the prediction start t0prog,
• D) generating of a supply prediction for a supply power pprogEin(t) to be supplied at any point in time t in the prediction period Tprog from the respective source, wherein the supply prediction has a supply prediction uncertainty, and
• E) generating a demand prediction for a power demand pprogBed(t) predicted to be required by the respective load at any point in time t in the prediction period Tprog, wherein the demand prediction has a demand prediction uncertainty,
• wherein the temporal course of the nominal power pnom(t) of the energy packet is determined at least from the supply prediction and the demand prediction, and wherein the temporal course of the remainder R(t) is a function of at least the supply prediction uncertainty and the demand prediction uncertainty.