Gasification or Liquefaction of Coal Using a Metal Reactant Alloy Composition

A reaction vessel for reacting coal particles with molten metal, the reaction vessel comprising:

• a reaction vessel wall;
• a refractory material lining an inside of the reaction vessel wall;
• a cooling plate attached to an outside of the reaction vessel wall, wherein the cooling plate forms a channel for a cooling fluid between the cooling plate and the reaction vessel wall;
• an aluminum feed line passing through to the reaction vessel wall;
• a coal injection line passing through the reaction vessel wall and having an outlet in the reaction vessel;
• a first collection line and a second collection line each passing through the reaction vessel wall at a lower portion of the reaction vessel;
• and
• a heat exchanger feed line passing through an upper portion of the reaction vessel wall.