Radio-frequency (rf) to direct current (dc) converter and bipolar quantized supercurrent generator (qsg)

A quantum mechanical system comprising:

• a radio-frequency (RF) to direct current (DC) converter comprising:
• a direct electrical current (DC) input port;
• a radiofrequency (RF) input port;
• a direct electrical current (DC) to single flux quantum (SFQ) converter connected to the RF input port, the DC to SFQ converter being configured to convert RF current to SFQ current pulses;
• a Josephson junction (JJ) connected to both the DC input port via a first induction line and to the DC to SFQ converter via a second induction line and to ground;
• and
• a resistor connected to the Josephson junction and to the DC input port via a third induction line,
• wherein, in operation, when a DC electrical current is applied via the DC input port, the DC electrical current is shunted to ground through the Josephson junction (JJ) and substantially no electrical current flows through the resistor, and when an RF electrical current is applied via the RF input port, the Josephson junction (JJ) switches at a rate commensurate an RF frequency of the RF electrical current to generate a steady state voltage across the Josephson junction (JJ) linearly dependent on the RF frequency such that an electrical current flowing through the resistor is directly dependent on the RF frequency of the RF electrical current.

A bipolar quantized supercurrent generator (QSG) comprising:

• a first input port configured to receive at least one increment single flux quantum pulses and a second input port configured to receive at least one decrement single flux quantum pulses;
• a first Josephson junction (JJ) connected to the first input port and a second Josephson junction (JJ) connected to the second input port, the first and second Josephson junctions being further connected to ground;
• and
• an inductor (Lq) connected to the first Josephson junction and to the second Josephson junction,
• wherein the inductor (Lq) and the first and second Josephson junctions (JJs) form a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) loop, wherein in operation, an electrical current circulating in the storage SQUID loop formed by the first Josephson junction, the second Josephson junction and the inductor (Lq) increases or decreases in increments based on the at least one increment single flux quantum pulses input through the first input port or the at least one decrement single flux quantum pulses input through the second input port, respectively.

A quantum mechanical system comprising:

• a bipolar quantized supercurrent generator (QSG) comprising:
• a first input port configured to receive one or more increment single flux quantum pulses and a second input port configured to receive one or more decrement single flux quantum pulses;
• a first Josephson junction (JJ) connected to the first input port and a second Josephson junction (JJ) connected to the second input port, the first and second Josephson junctions being further connected to ground;
• and
• an inductor (Lq) connected to the first Josephson junction and to the second Josephson junction,
• wherein the inductor (Lq) and the first and second Josephson junctions (JJs) form a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) loop, wherein in operation, an electrical current circulating in the storage SQUID loop formed by the first Josephson junction, the second Josephson junction and the inductor (Lq) increases or decreases in increments based on the one or more increment single flux quantum pulses input through the first input port or the one or more decrement single flux quantum pulses input through the second input port, respectively.