Vertical cavity surface emitting laser

A vertical cavity surface emitting laser comprising:

• a semi-insulating substrate having a major surface including a first area, a second area and a third area, the third area being separated from the first area by the second area;
• an n-type semiconductor layer provided on the first area, the n-type semiconductor layer being not provided on the second area;
• a semiconductor laminate provided on the n-type semiconductor layer, the semiconductor laminate including a first distributed Bragg reflector provided on the n-type semiconductor layer, an active layer provided on the first distributed Bragg reflector, and a second distributed Bragg reflector provided on the active layer;
• a cathode electrode connected to the n-type semiconductor layer;
• an anode electrode connected to a top surface of the semiconductor laminate;
• and
• a first conductor connected to the anode electrode, the first conductor extending from the first area to the third area, the first conductor including an anode electrode pad provided on the third area.