Using multiple blockchains for applying transactions to a set of persistent data objects in persistent storage systems

A method, comprising:

• a particular BCA participant of a BCA network making an update to a uniqueness constrained attribute of a first persistent object of a first set of persistent objects from a first value to a second value and making an insertion of a second persistent object from a second set of persistent objects, said insertion setting an attribute of said second persistent object to said first value;
• wherein said BCA network records changes to said first set of persistent objects and said second set of persistent objects in an aggregated blockchain that comprises a plurality of member blockchains, wherein each BCA participant of said BCA network replicates respective changes initiated by said each BCA participant to said first set of persistent objects and to said second set of persistent objects by at least recording said respective changes in said respective member blockchain of said each BCA participant;
• wherein for each member blockchain of said plurality of member blockchains, each BCA participant of said plurality of BCA participants stores a replica of said each member blockchain;
• said particular BCA participant adding a particular block to a particular member blockchain of said aggregated blockchain that specifies said update and said insertion;
• and
• wherein each other participant of said plurality of BCA participants is configured to replicate said insertion and said update by applying a copy of said particular block.

A method, comprising:

• a particular BCA participant of a BCA network making a modification of a child attribute of a first set of persistent objects to a first value and making an update to a second set of persistent objects, wherein said modification modifies said child attribute of a first persistent object of said first set of persistent objects and said update updates a second persistent object of said second set of persistent objects, wherein a foreign key constraint on said child attribute constrains values in said child attribute to values in said second attribute;
• wherein said BCA network records changes to said first set of persistent objects and said second set of persistent objects in an aggregated blockchain that comprises a plurality of member blockchains, wherein each BCA participant of said BCA network replicates respective changes initiated by said each BCA participant to said first set of persistent objects and to said second set of persistent objects by recording changes in said respective member blockchain of said plurality of member blockchains;
• wherein for each member blockchain of said plurality of member blockchains, each BCA participant of said plurality of BCA participants stores a replica of said each member blockchain;
• said particular BCA participant adding a particular block to a particular member blockchain of said aggregated blockchain that specifies said modification and said update;
• wherein each other participant of said plurality of BCA participants is configured to replicate said modification and said update by applying a copy of said particular block.

One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing one or more sequences of instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, cause:

• a particular BCA participant of a BCA network reading a first block from a particular blockchain replica of a particular blockchain, wherein said first block includes a particular transaction context for a particular transaction executed by an initiator BCA participant of said BCA network;
• wherein a plurality of transactions executed by said BCA network includes said particular transaction, wherein each transaction of said plurality of transactions is recorded by a blockchain of said BCA network, wherein each transaction of said plurality of transactions is associated with a respective transaction promotion time that specifies when said each transaction modified a persistent object;
• wherein said particular transaction context includes a first set of one or more records that each correspond to a respective persistent object modified by said particular transaction;
• wherein for each record of said first set of one or more records, said each record specifies a respective last promotion time that, for the respective persistent object of said each record, specifies the respective promotion time of a transaction of said plurality of transactions that previously modified said respective persistent object;
• said particular BCA participant maintaining a checkpoint value specifying a previous promotion time of a transaction recorded by a previously applied block of said particular blockchain;
• making a determination that any transaction with which the particular transaction has a transactional dependency has committed;
• wherein a particular record of said first set of one or more records specifies the respective last promotion time for a particular persistent object,
• wherein making said determination includes determining the respective last promotion time for said particular persistent object is less than the checkpoint value.

One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, cause:

• a particular BCA participant of a BCA network making an update to a uniqueness constrained attribute of a first persistent object of a first set of persistent objects from a first value to a second value and making an insertion of a second persistent object from a second set of persistent objects, said insertion setting an attribute of said second persistent object to said first value;
• wherein said BCA network records changes to said first set of persistent objects and said second set of persistent objects in an aggregated blockchain that comprises a plurality of member blockchains, wherein each BCA participant of said BCA network replicates respective changes initiated by said each BCA participant to said first set of persistent objects and to said second set of persistent objects by at least recording said respective changes in said respective member blockchain of said each BCA participant;
• wherein for each member blockchain of said plurality of member blockchains, each BCA participant of said plurality of BCA participants stores a replica of said each member blockchain;
• said particular BCA participant adding a particular block to a particular member blockchain of said aggregated blockchain that specifies said update and said insertion;
• and
• wherein each other participant of said plurality of BCA participants is configured to replicate said insertion and said update by applying a copy of said particular block.

One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, cause:

• a particular BCA participant of a BCA network making a modification of a child attribute of a first set of persistent objects to a first value and making an update to a second set of persistent objects, wherein said modification modifies said child attribute of a first persistent object of said first set of persistent objects and said update updates a second persistent object of said second set of persistent objects, wherein a foreign key constraint on said child attribute constrains values in said child attribute to values in said second attribute;
• wherein said BCA network records changes to said first set of persistent objects and said second set of persistent objects in an aggregated blockchain that comprises a plurality of member blockchains, wherein each BCA participant of said BCA network replicates respective changes initiated by said each BCA participant to said first set of persistent objects and to said second set of persistent objects by recording changes in said respective member blockchain of said plurality of member blockchains;
• wherein for each member blockchain of said plurality of member blockchains, each BCA participant of said plurality of BCA participants stores a replica of said each member blockchain;
• said particular BCA participant adding a particular block to a particular member blockchain of said aggregated blockchain that specifies said modification and said update;
• wherein each other participant of said plurality of BCA participants is configured to replicate said modification and said update by applying a copy of said particular block.