System for analysing faults by reflectometry of optimised dynamic range

A system for analyzing, by reflectometry, faults in a transmission line (L), the system comprising a test signal generator (GEN), a coupler (CPL) for injecting the test signal into the transmission line (L) and sampling the signal back-propagated in the transmission line, a control unit (CTRL) configured to generate a calibration signal, the samples of which are equal to the opposite of the samples of the test signal and to control the phase and the amplitude of the calibration signal, at least one combiner (COMB) for combining the calibration signal and the signal sampled by the coupler into a corrected signal, an amplifier (AMP) for amplifying the corrected signal and a correlator (CORR) for correlating the corrected signal and the test signal to produce a reflectogram, the control unit (CTRL) being further configured to make the amplitude and the phase of the calibration signal vary so as to eliminate, in the signal sampled by the coupler (CPL), at least one echo of the test signal on at least one point of impedance mismatch of the transmission line (L).