Use of s-adenosylmethionine for personalized treatment of depression

A method of treating depression in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering a composition comprising S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) to the subject, wherein the subject has been identified as having one or more of the following biomarkers:

• (a) a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at position 677 of SEQ ID NO:
• 1 or position 27 of SEQ ID NO:
• 7 (identified by rs1801133) comprising at least one thymine (T) allele or the complement thereof, wherein the SEQ ID NO:
• 1 and SEQ ID NO:
• 7 are each independently a portion of a genomic nucleic acid sequence of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR);
• (b) a SNP at position 1298 of SEQ ID NO:
• 1 comprising at least one cytosine (C) allele or the complement thereof;
• (c) a SNP at position 1793 of SEQ ID NO:
• 1 or position 27 of SEQ ID NO:
• 8 (identified by rs2274976) comprising at least one adenosine (A) allele or the complement thereof, wherein the SEQ ID NO:
• 1 and SEQ ID NO:
• 8 are each independently a portion of a genomic nucleic acid sequence of MTHFR;
• (d) a SNP at position 2756 of SEQ ID NO:
• 2 or position 27 of SEQ ID NO:
• 9 (identified by rs1805087) comprising at least one guanosine (G) allele or the complement thereof, wherein the SEQ ID NO:
• 2 and SEQ ID NO:
• 9 are each independently a portion of a genomic nucleic acid sequence of methionine synthase (MTR);
• (e) a SNP at position 66 of SEQ ID NO:
• 3 or position 27 of SEQ ID NO:
• 10 (identified by rs1801394) comprising at least one G allele or the complement thereof, wherein the SEQ ID NO:
• 3 and SEQ ID NO:
• 10 are each independently a portion of a genomic nucleic acid sequence of methionine synthase reductase (MTRR);
• (f) a SNP at position 27 of SEQ ID NO:
• 11 (identified by rs1006737) comprising at least one A allele or the complement thereof, wherein the SEQ ID NO:
• 11 is a portion of a genomic nucleic acid sequence of calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1C subunit (CACNA1C);
• (g) a SNP at position 27 of SEQ ID NO:
• 12 (identified by rs1883729) comprising at least one A allele or the complement thereof, wherein the SEQ ID NO:
• 12 is a portion of a genomic nucleic acid sequence of DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3 beta (DNMT3B);
• (h) a SNP at position 27 of SEQ ID NO:
• 13 (identified by rs7163862) comprising at least one thymidine (T) allele or the complement thereof, wherein the SEQ ID NO:
• 13 is a portion of a genomic nucleic acid sequence of GTP cyclohydrolase 1 feedback regulatory protein (GCHFR);
• (i) a SNP at position 27 of SEQ ID NO:
• 14 (identified by rs12659) comprising at least one T allele or the complement thereof, wherein the SEQ ID NO:
• 14 is a portion of a genomic nucleic acid sequence of reduced folate carrier protein (RCF2);
• (j) a SNP at position 27 of SEQ ID NO:
• 15 (identified by rs202676) comprising at least one G allele or the complement thereof, wherein the SEQ ID NO:
• 15 is a portion of a genomic nucleic acid sequence of folate hydrolase (prostate-specific membrane antigen) 1 (FOLH1);
• (k) a SNP at position 27 of SEQ ID NO:
• 16 (identified by rs2297291) comprising at least one A allele or the complement thereof, wherein the SEQ ID NO:
• 16 is a portion of a genomic nucleic acid sequence of reduced folate carrier protein (RCF1);
• (l) a SNP at position 27 of SEQ ID NO:
• 17 (identified by rs1051266) comprising at least one A allele or the complement thereof, wherein the SEQ ID NO:
• 17 is a portion of a genomic nucleic acid sequence of reduced folate carrier protein (RCF1);
• (m) a SNP at position 27 of SEQ ID NO:
• 18 (identified by rs8007267) comprising at least one T allele or the complement thereof, wherein the SEQ ID NO:
• 18 is a portion of a genomic nucleic acid sequence of GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1);
• (n) a SNP at position 27 of SEQ ID NO:
• 19 (identified by rs7639752) comprising at least one A allele or the complement thereof, wherein the SEQ ID NO:
• 19 is a portion of a genomic nucleic acid sequence of choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase A (PCYT1A);
• (o) a SNP at position 27 of SEQ ID NO:
• 20 (identified by rs6275) comprising at least one T allele or the complement thereof, wherein the SEQ ID NO:
• 20 is a portion of a genomic nucleic acid sequence of dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2);
• (p) a SNP at position 27 of SEQ ID NO:
• 21 (identified by rs1079596) comprising at least one T allele or the complement thereof, wherein the SEQ ID NO:
• 21 is a portion of a genomic nucleic acid sequence of dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2);
• (q) a SNP at position 27 of SEQ ID NO:
• 22 (identified by rs11240594) comprising at least one A allele or the complement thereof, wherein the SEQ ID NO:
• 22 is a portion of a genomic nucleic acid sequence of dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2);
• (r) a SNP at position 27 of SEQ ID NO:
• 23 (identified by rs4633) comprising at least one C allele or the complement thereof, wherein the SEQ ID NO:
• 23 is a portion of a genomic nucleic acid sequence of catechol-β-methyltransferase (COMT);
• (s) a SNP at position 27 of SEQ ID NO:
• 24 (identified by rs4680) comprising at least one G allele or the complement thereof, wherein the SEQ ID NO:
• 24 is a portion of a genomic nucleic acid sequence of catechol-β-methyltransferase (COMT);
• (t) a SNP at position 27 of SEQ ID NO:
• 25 (identified by rs250682) comprising at least one C allele or the complement thereof, wherein the SEQ ID NO:
• 25 is a portion of a genomic nucleic acid sequence of solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitted transported, dopamine), member 3 (SLC6A3);
• (u) a SNP at position 27 of SEQ ID NO:
• 26 (identified by rs2277820) comprising at least one T allele or the complement thereof, wherein the SEQ ID NO:
• 26 is a portion of a genomic nucleic acid sequence of formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase (FTCD);
• (v) a SNP at position 27 of SEQ ID NO:
• 27 (identified by rs2236225) comprising at least one A allele or the complement thereof, wherein the SEQ ID NO:
• 27 is a portion of a genomic nucleic acid sequence of methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+dependent) 1 (MTHFD1);
• (w) an expression level ratio of S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) to S-adenosyl homocysteine (SAH) smaller than a pre-determined reference ratio;
• (x) an expression level of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-FINE) greater than a first pre-determined reference value;
• (y) an expression of high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) greater than a second pre-determined reference value;
• (z) a homocysteine level greater than or equal to a third pre-determined reference value;
• (aa) a folate level less than or equal to a fourth pre-determined reference value;
• (bb) a B12 level less than a fifth pre-determined reference value;
• (cc) a methylmalonic acid level greater than a sixth pre-determined reference value;
• and,
• (dd) a formiminoglutamic acid level greater than or equal to a seventh pre-determined reference value.