Tracking state of charge of a non-rechargeable battery using impedance spectroscopy

A system for determining a state of charge of a non-rechargeable battery, comprising:

• a frequency generator configured to apply a current perturbation to the non-rechargeable battery at a frequency;
• an impedance probe configured to detect a voltage response of the non-rechargeable battery at the frequency;
• a processor;
• and
• a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing processor-executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to:
• control the frequency generator to apply a current perturbation having a set frequency to the non-rechargeable battery;
• control the impedance probe to detect a voltage response of the non-rechargeable battery to the current perturbation;
• determine a complex impedance of the voltage response at the set frequency;
• and
• identify, using a direct correlation between complex impedance and state of charge of the battery, the state of charge of the non-rechargeable battery.

A system for determining a state of charge of a non-rechargeable battery, comprising:

• a processor configured to:
• receive information indicative of a complex impedance of a voltage response of the non-rechargeable battery to an applied current perturbation;
• and
• determining the state of charge from the information indicative of the complex impedance.