The chiral dopant according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 is selected independently for each occasion from hydrogen, a methyl, an ethyl, a propyl, a butyl, a pentyl, a hexyl, a heptyl, an octyl, a nonyl, a decyl, a phenyl, a benzyl, a p-tolyl, a p-halophenyl, a p-biphenyl, a p-(4-halophenyl)phenylene, a p-(4-cyanophenyl)phenylene, an o-biphenyl, a 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl, an acetyl, a propionyl, a butanoyl, a pentanoyl, a hexanoyl, a heptanoyl, an octanoyl, a nonanoyl, a decanoyl, an undecanoyl, a dodecanoyl, a 1-naphthyl, or a 2-naphthyl.