Systems and methods for forming nanocapsules by pulsed electrospraying

A method of forming nanocapsules by pulsed, coaxial electrospraying, the method comprising:

• providing at least one core solution comprising at least one solvent and at least one active agent;
• providing at least one capsule solution comprising at least one solvent and at least one polymer;
• coaxially electrospraying the core solution and capsule solution through a plate that defines a core channel and a capsule channel, the core channel having a core outlet and the capsule channel having a capsule outlet, wherein the capsule outlet is coaxial with the core outlet and is disposed radially outwardly from the core outlet;
• and
• collecting the formed nanocapsules on a grounded collection plate spaced apart from the plate,
• wherein the coaxial electrospraying comprises:
• applying a pulsating voltage at a frequency to the plate, the pulsating voltage fluctuating between a minimum pulsating voltage and a maximum pulsating voltage, wherein the minimum pulsating voltage is 0 KV or greater and the maximum pulsating voltage is greater than the minimum pulsating voltage;
• and
• applying a constant voltage to the plate, the constant voltage being greater than 0 KV, the maximum pulsating voltage being greater than 0 KV, and a total maximum applied voltage to the plate being the sum of the maximum pulsating voltage and the constant voltage.