Methods For Determining Disease Risk Combining Downsampling of Class-Imbalanced Sets With Survival Analysis

A method comprising:

• a) acquiring a class-imbalanced data set, wherein the class-imbalanced data set comprises biological data from a plurality of subjects, wherein the biological data of each subject includes an observation, a time value, and a plurality of clinical measurements, and wherein the biological data is categorized as being part of a majority data class or a minority data class, wherein the majority data class has a greater number of observations than the minority data class;
• b) downsampling the class-imbalanced data set to generate a downsampled data set, wherein the downsampling results in the majority data class having an equivalent or substantially equivalent number of observations as the minority data class;
• and
• c) performing cross-validation on the downsampled data set with a survival analysis to generate a survival model;
• wherein the observation comprises an event or no event at a specific time value, wherein an AUC, sensitivity, specificity, and/or C-index of the survival model is closer to 1 than a AUC, sensitivity, specificity, and/or C-index of a survival model where the class-imbalanced data set was not downsampled prior to the survival analysis.