Continuous Methods for Treating Liquids and Manufacturing Certain Constituents (e.g., Nanoparticles) in Liquids, Apparatuses and Nanoparticles and Nanoparticle/Liquid Solution(s) Resulting Therefrom

A device for continuously forming at least one constituent within a flowing liquid comprising:

• at least one trough member, comprising a longitudinal length and at least one inlet portion and at least one outlet portion;
• at least one plasma-forming electrode connected to at least one first power source, said at least one plasma-forming electrode being located such that when said at least one flowing liquid is present in said at least one trough member a space for a plasma is created between said at least one plasma-forming electrode and an upper surface of said at least one flowing liquid;
• at least one atmosphere control device covering greater than 50% of said longitudinal length;
• and
• at least one set of metallic-based electrodes connected to at least one second power source, wherein when said at least one flowing liquid is present in said at least one trough member, said at least one flowing liquid has a flow direction which causes said liquid to contact a plasma from one of said at least one plasma-forming electrodes prior to contacting one of said at least one set of metallic-based electrodes.

A device for continuously modifying at least one flowing liquid comprising:

• at least one trough member comprising at least one inlet portion and at least one outlet portion;
• at least one plasma-forming electrode located closer to said inlet portion than said outlet portion, said at least one plasma-forming electrode being located such that when said at least one flowing liquid is present in said at least one trough member a space is created between said at least one plasma-forming electrode and an upper surface of said at least one flowing liquid;
• at least one atmosphere control device surrounding said at least one plasma-forming electrode;
• at least one set of metallic-based electrodes located closer to said outlet portion relative to said at least one plasma-forming electrode wherein said flowing liquid contacts a plasma from said at least one plasma-forming electrode prior to contacting said at least one set of metallic-based electrodes.