Electromagnetic wave concentration

A composition of matter for concentrating an electromagnetic wave, the composition of matter comprising:

• a rigid substrate having a substrate refractive index;
• a plurality of waveguide regions at least partially embedded within the rigid substrate, a first set of the plurality of waveguide regions comprising:
• a central waveguide region having a first refractive index and a central axis;
• and
• a plurality of feeder waveguide regions in a substantially symmetric arrangement with respect to the central waveguide region, each feeder waveguide region having a second refractive index and extended in a direction parallel to the central axis from an input end, and each feeder waveguide region spaced apart from the central waveguide region by a distance that is based on a wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, wherein the substrate refractive index is less than the first refractive index and is less than the second refractive index.

A method comprising:

• receiving an electromagnetic wave at an input of a waveguide array, the waveguide array comprising:
• a central waveguide having a first refractive index and a central axis;
• and
• a plurality of feeder waveguides in a substantially symmetric arrangement with respect to the central waveguide, each feeder waveguide having a second refractive index and extended in a direction parallel to the central axis, and each feeder waveguide spaced apart from the central waveguide by a distance that is based on a wavelength of the electromagnetic wave;
• concentrating power of the electromagnetic wave by each of the feeder waveguides;
• coupling the concentrated power from the feeder waveguides to the central waveguide via electromagnetic coupling;
• and
• outputting coupled concentrated power from the central waveguide via an output of the waveguide array.