Battery Module

A battery module, comprising:

• a retainer assembly including a well plate operably coupled with a substrate, wherein the well plate defines one or more battery cell cavities on an exterior side of the well plate, and wherein one or more channels are defined between an interior side of the well plate and an upper side of the substrate;
• one or more battery cells positioned within the one or more battery cell cavities;
• a first manifold defining one or more fluid outlets configured to direct a fluid through the one or more channels, wherein each of the one or more channels includes a non-uniform cross section in a longitudinal direction;
• a second manifold defining one or more fluid inlet passages configured to receive fluid from the one or more channels, wherein the second manifold is downstream of the first manifold in an X-axis direction, and wherein the first manifold is a first minimum distance from at least one of the one or more battery cells and the second manifold is a second minimum distances from at least one of the one or more battery cells, the second distance being less than the first distance;
• and
• a cooling system fluidly coupling the second manifold to the first manifold.