Permanent magnet, rotary electrical machine, and vehicle

A method of manufacturing a permanent magnet, comprising:

• preparing an alloy powder, the alloy powder being expressed by a composition formula:
• RpFeqMrCusCo100-p-q-r-s
• where R is at least one element selected from the group consisting of rare-earth elements, M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Zr, Ti, and Hf, p is a number satisfying 10.5≤p≤12.5 atomic percent, q is a number satisfying 25≤q≤40 atomic percent, r is a number satisfying 0.88≤r≤4.5 atomic percent, and s is a number satisfying 3.5 ≤s≤10.7 atomic percent;
• press-forming the alloy powder in a magnetic field to form a green compact;
• sintering the green compact to form a sintered compact;
• performing a solution heat treatment on the sintered compact at a temperature of not less than 1100° C. nor more than 1180° C.;
• and
• performing an aging treatment on the compact after the solution heat treatment, the aging treatment including
• heating the compact at a temperature of not lower than 550° C. nor higher than 680° C. for not less than 1 hour nor more than 100 hours, and then
• cooling the compact at a cooling rate of not less than 0.1° C./minute nor more than 5° C./minute to a temperature of not lower than 20° C. nor higher than 500° C.