Use of galacturonate and or galacturonate polymers in conjunction with carbohydrates to control metabolic state of organisms

A method of controlling a metabolic process, the method comprising:

• providing an anaerobic organism;
• providing a first chemical substrate comprising a first oxidation state;
• providing a second chemical substrate comprising a second oxidation state, wherein the first oxidation state is different from the second oxidation state;
• co-feeding the first chemical substrate and the second chemical substrate at a predetermined mixture ratio to the anaerobic organism to primarily produce an optimized yield of a first chemical;
• controlling regeneration of reduced electron carriers in cells of the anaerobic organism caused by the anaerobic organism's metabolism of co-utilization of the first chemical substrate and the second chemical substrate through alteration of the ratio of the mixture of the first chemical substrate and the second chemical substrate from the predetermined mixture ratio;
• and
• co-feeding the first chemical substrate and the second chemical substrate at the altered mixture ratio to the anaerobic organism to primarily produce an optimized yield of a second chemical.