Methods for stimulating the proliferation and differentiation of eukaryotic cells

A method of promoting differentiation of cells, said method comprising:

• applying one or more pulses of electricity to cells, each pulse of electricity having a duration of between about 10 nanoseconds and about 1,000 nanoseconds, wherein said pulses of electricity are applied under conditions effective to promote differentiation of cells.

A method of regenerating cells, said method comprising:

• applying one or more pulses of electricity to cells, each pulse of electricity having a duration of between about 10 nanoseconds and about 1,000 nanoseconds, wherein said pulses of electricity are applied under conditions effective to promote cell regeneration.

A method of promoting nodule formation, said method comprising:

• applying one or more pulses of electricity to cells, each pulse of electricity having a duration of between about 10 nanoseconds and about 1,000 nanoseconds, wherein said pulses of electricity are applied under conditions effective to promote nodule formation.

A method of promoting myotube formation, said method comprising:

• applying one or more pulses of electricity to cells, each pulse of electricity having a duration of between about 10 nanoseconds and about 1,000 nanoseconds, wherein said pulses of electricity are applied under conditions effective to promote myotube formation.