Neuromodulation based adaptive controller for mitral stenosis

A system for enhancing cardiac output (CO) in a subject having Mitral Stenosis (MS), the system comprising:

• one or more data storage devices operatively coupled to one or more hardware processors and configured to store instructions configured for execution via the one or more hardware processors serving as a first controller, a second controller, a third controller and a hemodynamic cardiovascular system (CVS) model representative of the subject having MS to:
• receive via the first controller, an error e1 between an actual left ventricular pressure Plv from the hemodynamic CVS model and a desired left ventricular pressure Plvd, wherein the desired left ventricular pressure corresponds to a healthy cardiovascular system;
• generate an updated left ventricle end diastolic compliance {tilde over (c)}lv,d via the first controller, by minimizing the error e1;
• receive via the second controller, an error e2 between an actual aortic pressure Psa from the hemodynamic CVS model and a desired aortic pressure Psad, wherein the desired aortic pressure corresponds to the healthy cardiovascular system;
• generate an updated systemic vascular resistance {tilde over (R)}s, via the second controller, by minimizing the error e2;
• receive, via the third controller, the updated left ventricle end diastolic compliance {tilde over (c)}lv,d and the updated systemic vascular resistance {tilde over (R)}s to generate control inputs u1 and u2 for opening and closing a mitral valve and an aortic valve respectively;
• and
• receive, via the hemodynamic CVS model, the updated left ventricle end diastolic compliance {tilde over (c)}lv,d, the updated systemic vascular resistance {tilde over (R)}s and the generated control inputs u1 and u2;
• wherein the {tilde over (c)}lv,d and the {tilde over (R)}s represent parameters that are adaptively controlled by neuromodulation for enhancing the CO in the subject having MS.

A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable medium having a computer readable program embodied therein, wherein the computer readable program, when executed on a computing device, causes the computing device to:

• receive, via one or more hardware processors serving as a first controller, an error e1 between an actual left ventricular pressure Plv from a hemodynamic cardiovascular system (CVS) model representative of the subject having MS and a desired left ventricular pressure Plvd, wherein the desired left ventricular pressure corresponds to a healthy cardiovascular system;
• generate an updated left ventricle end diastolic compliance {tilde over (c)}lv,d via the first controller, by minimizing the error e1;
• receive, via one or more hardware processors serving as a second controller, an error e2 between an actual aortic pressure Psa from the hemodynamic CVS model and a desired aortic pressure Psad, wherein the desired aortic pressure corresponds to the healthy cardiovascular system;
• generate an updated systemic vascular resistance {tilde over (R)}s, via the second controller, by minimizing the error e2;
• receive, via one or more hardware processors serving as a third controller, the updated left ventricle end diastolic compliance {tilde over (c)}lv,d and the updated systemic vascular resistance {tilde over (R)}s to generate control inputs u1 and u2 for opening and closing a mitral valve and an aortic valve respectively;
• and
• receive, via the hemodynamic CVS model, the updated left ventricle end diastolic compliance {tilde over (c)}lv,d, the updated systemic vascular resistance {tilde over (R)}s and the generated control inputs u1 and u2;
• wherein the {tilde over (c)}lv,d and the {tilde over (R)}s represent parameters that are adaptively controlled by neuromodulation for enhancing the CO in the subject having MS.