Method to determine if a circulating fetal cell isolated from a pregnant mother is from either the current or a historical pregnancy

The method of any of the preceding claims, further comprising:

• obtaining at least one cell of the pregnant female;
• genotyping cellular DNA obtained from the at least one cell of the pregnant female to produce the genotype of the pregnant female;
• obtaining cfDNA from the pregnant female;
• and
• genotyping the cfDNA from the pregnant female to produce the genotype of the fetus in the current pregnancy.

A computer program product comprising a non-transitory machine readable medium storing program code that, when executed by one or more processors of a computer system, causes the computer system to implement a method of determining the genetic origin of fetal cellular DNA obtained from a pregnant female who is carrying a fetus in a current pregnancy, said program code comprising:

• (a) code for determining, for the fetal cellular DNA obtained from the pregnant female, one or more alleles at each informative genetic marker of a set of informative genetic markers,
• wherein
• each informative genetic marker represents a polymorphism at a unique genomic locus,
• each informative genetic marker is homozygous in the pregnant female and is heterozygous in the fetus in the current pregnancy, and
• the fetal cellular DNA originates from the fetus in the current pregnancy or a fetus in a historical pregnancy;
• and
• (b) code for providing as input to a probabilistic model the one or more alleles at each informative genetic marker of the fetal cellular DNA obtained from the pregnant female;
• (c) code for obtaining as output of the probabilistic model probabilities of three scenarios:
• the fetal cellular DNA obtained from the pregnant female originating from a fetus in (1) the current pregnancy, (2) the historical pregnancy and having a same father as the fetus in the current pregnancy, and (3) the historical pregnancy and having a different father from the fetus in the current pregnancy;
• and
• (d) code for determining, from the output of the probabilistic model, whether the fetal cellular DNA originates from the fetus in (1) the current pregnancy.

A computer system, comprising:

• one or more processors;
• system memory;
• and
• one or more computer-readable storage media having stored thereon computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the computer system to implement a method of determining the genetic origin of fetal cellular DNA obtained from a pregnant female who is carrying a fetus in a current pregnancy, the method comprising:
• (a) determining, for the fetal cellular DNA obtained from the pregnant female, one or more alleles at each informative genetic marker of to set of informative genetic markers,
• wherein
• each informative genetic marker represents a polymorphism at a unique genomic locus,
• each informative genetic marker is homozygous in the pregnant female and is heterozygous in the fetus in the current pregnancy, and
• the fetal cellular DNA originates from the fetus in the current pregnancy or a fetus in a historical pregnancy;
• and
• (b) providing as input to a probabilistic model the one or more alleles at each informative genetic marker of the fetal cellular DNA obtained from the pregnant female;
• (c) obtaining as output of the probabilistic model probabilities of three scenarios:
• the fetal cellular DNA obtained from the pregnant female originating from a fetus in (1) the current pregnancy, (2) the historical pregnancy and having a same father as the fetus in the current pregnancy, and (3) the historical pregnancy and having a different father from the fetus in the current pregnancy;
• and
• (d) determining, from the output of the probabilistic model, whether the fetal cellular DNA originates from the fetus in (1) the current pregnancy.

A method for matching pairs of character strings using probabilistic modeling and computer simulation, wherein two character strings in any pair have a same number of characters, the method comprising:

• (a) receiving a first pair of character strings;
• (b) receiving a fifth pair of character strings;
• (c) identifying a set of informative character positions in both the first pair of character strings and the fifth pair of character strings, wherein each informative character position of the set of informative character positions (i) represents a unique position in each character string, (ii) has one or both of two different characters in any pair of character strings, (iii) has only one character of said two different characters in the fifth pair of character strings, and (iv) has both characters of said two different characters in the first pair of character strings;
• (d) determining, for a fourth pair of character strings, characters at the set of informative character positions;
• (e) providing, as input to a probabilistic model, the characters at the set of informative character positions of the fourth pair of character strings, wherein the probabilistic model was trained using a training dataset comprising pairs of character strings;
• (f) obtaining, as output of the probabilistic model, a probability that the fourth pair of character strings matches the first pair of character strings, wherein two different character strings of each pair of character strings have a same length, each informative character position has a corresponding position on each character strings, the first pair of character strings is obtainable by recombining the fifth pair of character strings with a sixth pair of pair of character strings;
• and
• (g) determining, from the output of the probabilistic model, whether the fourth pair of character strings matches the first pair of character strings,
• wherein at least (e) and (f) are performed by a computer system comprising a processor and memory.