Nano particle agglomerate reduction to primary particle

A method of reducing a size of nanoparticle groupings in a plurality of nanoparticles that are at least one of agglomerated nanoparticles or aggregated nanoparticles, the method comprises:

• placing a plurality of nanoparticles comprising one or more calcine heated and formed nanoparticle groupings, including at least one of agglomerated nanoparticles or aggregated nanoparticles, in a controlled gas evolution reaction fluid;
• wherein micro-combustions occur during a controlled gas evolution process;
• and
• wherein the micro-combustions cause nanoparticle interconnections at interfaces of the plurality of nanoparticles to be broken and to separate the plurality of nanoparticles creating one or more of:
• primary nanoparticles, individual nanoparticles, or nanoparticle clusters, in the plurality of nanoparticles;
• wherein the micro-combustions reduce larger nanoparticle groupings to smaller nanoparticle groupings or primary nanoparticles in the plurality of nanoparticles;
• and
• wherein the smaller nanoparticle groupings or primary nanoparticles have a same chemical make up as the larger nanoparticle groupings.