System, methods and apparatuses for in situ electrochemical imaging
AssigneeThe Governing Council of the University of Toronto
InventorsNima SOLTANI, Roman GENOV
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Abstract
Systems, methods and apparatuses described herein generally provide a millimetre size package-free complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (“CMOS”) chip (referred to as a “die”) for the in situ (on-site) measurement or imaging of electrochemically detectable analytes.
Claims12
A potentiostat circuit comprising:
- a. an op-amp-less integrator circuit comprising a grounded capacitor for integration of the recorded analog signal;
- b. a comparator coupled to an output of the integrator circuit to reduce signal distortion thereof;
- c. a digital-to-analog converter providing a negative feedback loop from an output of the comparator to the output of the integrator circuit;
- and
- d. a pulse shaping block providing an output signal of the potentiostat.
The potentiostat circuit of claim 7, wherein the comparator is a zero-hysteresis comparator circuit.
The potentiostat circuit of claim 8, wherein the comparator circuit reduces naturally occurring hysteresis in the comparator by isolating the output of the comparator from its input.
The potentiostat circuit of claim 7, wherein the op-amp-less delta-sigma ADS is coupled to the recording module array without the need for an intermediary transimpedance amplifier.
A integrated circuit for electrochemically measuring target analytes of a subject comprising:
- a. a power coil for receiving power from a receiver device by magnetic induction;
- b. a microelectrode array and an associated amperometric channel array for measuring the target analytes of the subject and generating sensor readings;
- and
- c. a transmitter for wirelessly transmitting sensor readings to the receiver device.
The integrated circuit of claim 11, wherein the amperometric channel array comprises an op-amp-less delta-sigma-ADC-based potentiostat and a 1 bit multiplication circuit comprising an XOR gate and a counter.
The integrated circuit of claim 12, wherein the op-amp-less delta-sigma-ADC-based potentiostat comprises:
- a. an op-amp less integrator circuit coupled to the microelectrode array, the integrator circuit comprising a grounded capacitor for integration of the recorded analog signal;
- b. a comparator coupled to an output of the integrator circuit to reduce signal distortion thereof;
- c. a digital-to-analog converter providing a negative feedback loop from an output of the comparator to the output of the integrator circuit;
- and
- d. a pulse shaping block providing an output signal of the potentiostat.
A method for in situ electrochemical imaging of target analytes of a subject comprising:
- a. implanting an integrated circuit on, in or adjacent to a targeted region of the subject, the integrated circuit comprising:
- i. a power coil for receiving power from a receiver device by magnetic induction;
- ii. a microelectrode array and an associated amperometric channel array for measuring the target analytes of the subject and generating sensor readings;
- and
- iii. a transmitter for transmitting sensor readings to the receiver device;
- b. positioning the receiver device on a surface of the subject;
- c. receiving sensor readings at the receiver device;
- and
- d. processing the sensor readings to diagnose risk of seizure onset in the subject.
The method of claim 14, wherein the targeted region is the cortex.
The method of claim 15, wherein the surface is the scalp.
The method of claim 14, wherein the amperometric channel array comprises an op-amp-less delta-sigma-ADC-based potentiostat and a 1 bit multiplication circuit comprising an XOR gate and a counter.
The method of claim 17, wherein the op-amp-less delta-sigma-ADC-based potentiostat comprises:
- a. an op-amp less integrator circuit coupled to the microelectrode array, the integrator circuit comprising a grounded capacitor for integration of the recorded analog signal;
- b. a comparator coupled to an output of the integrator circuit to reduce signal distortion thereof;
- c. a digital-to-analog converter providing a negative feedback loop from an output of the comparator to the output of the integrator circuit;
- and
- d. a pulse shaping block providing an output signal of the potentiostat
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.