Bidirectional evaluation for general- purpose programming

A computing device configured for bidirectional programming of textual data by a user via a graphical user interface, the computing device comprising:

• a least one display device,
• at least one processor,
• at least one memory, including computer-readable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the computing device to:
• display, in the at least one display device, an original program source code and a program output corresponding to the evaluated original program source code,
• receive, via the graphical user interface, an indication of the user corresponding to modifying the program output;
• and
• evaluate the modified program output to generate an updated program source code.

A computing device including a computer-readable medium storing a programming environment application that, when activated, causes the computing device to:

• evaluate, in a forward direction, an original program source code to generate an output,
• receive, via an input device, an indication of a user, the indication affecting the state of the output,
• evaluate, in a reverse direction, the output, to generate an updated program source code;
• and
• display, in a display screen, the output and the updated program source code.