Improved flooded lead acid batteries utilizing an improved separator with a fibrous mat, and methods and systems using the same

The lead acid battery of claim 0, wherein said fibrous mat envelope:

• is one of the list consisting of a nonwoven, mesh, fleece, and combinations thereof;
• is formed from a polymer and additionally with one or more of the group consisting of glass fibers, pulp, and combinations thereof;
• is formed from a polymer and additionally with one or more of the group consisting of glass fibers, pulp, and combinations thereof, said polymer comprising one or more material selected from the group consisting of a polyolefin, a polyester, a polyamide, a polyimide, and combinations thereof;
• comprises an inorganic material;
• comprises an inorganic material, wherein said inorganic material comprises silica;
• comprises a spun-bond melt-nonwoven composite material;
• comprises a carbon fiber nonwoven material;
• comprises a carbon fiber nonwoven material, wherein said carbon fiber nonwoven material comprises conductive carbon, graphite, artificial graphite, activated carbon, acetylene black, carbon black, high surface area carbon black, graphene, high surface area graphene, keitjen black, carbon fibers, carbon filaments, carbon nanotubes, open-cell carbon foam, a carbon mat, carbon felt, carbon Buckminsterfullerene (Bucky Balls), flake graphite, oxidized carbon, and combinations thereof;
• comprises conductive carbon, graphite, artificial graphite, activated carbon, carbon paper, acetylene black, carbon black, high surface area carbon black, graphene, high surface area graphene, keitjen black, carbon fibers, carbon filaments, carbon nanotubes, open-cell carbon foam, a carbon mat, carbon felt, carbon Buckminsterfullerene (Bucky Balls), an aqueous carbon suspension, flake graphite, oxidized carbon, and combinations thereof;
• comprises a nucleation additive;
• comprises a nucleation additive, wherein said nucleation additive is one of a form of carbon, Barium Sulfate (BaSO4), or combinations thereof;
• comprises a nucleation additive, wherein said nucleation additive is a form of carbon, said form of carbon comprises conductive carbon, graphite, artificial graphite, activated carbon, carbon paper, acetylene black, carbon black, high surface area carbon black, graphene, high surface area graphene, keitjen black, carbon fibers, carbon filaments, carbon nanotubes, open-cell carbon foam, a carbon mat, carbon felt, carbon Buckminsterfullerene (Bucky Balls), an aqueous carbon suspension, flake graphite, oxidized carbon, and combinations thereof;
• or
• is sealed on one of the following consisting of one side of said negative electrode, two sides of said negative electrode, and three sides of said negative electrode.

The lead acid battery of claim 0, wherein said porous membrane:

• comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of natural materials, synthetic materials, polyolefins, phenolic resins, poly vinyl chloride (PVC), natural rubber, synthetic rubber, synthetic wood pulp, glass fibers, lignins, cellulosic fibers, and combinations thereof;
• comprises polyethylene, silica, and processing oil;
• is sealed on one of the following consisting of one side of said positive electrode, two sides of said positive electrode, and three sides of said positive electrode;
• has a Porosity of greater than about 55%, greater than about 60%, or greater than about 65%;
• or
• is a microporous battery separator.

A lead acid battery comprising:

• an electrode array comprising one or more negative electrodes, and one or more positive electrodes interleaved between said one or more negative electrodes;
• one or more electrode and fibrous mat assemblies comprising a fibrous mat at least partially integrated into at least one of said one or more negative electrodes;
• and
• a porous membrane enveloping one of said one or more electrode and fibrous mat assemblies or at least one of said one or more positive electrodes adjacent to said one or more electrode and fibrous mat assemblies, wherein
• said battery may be selected from the group consisting of:
• a flat Plate battery, a flooded lead acid battery, an enhanced flooded lead acid battery (“EFB”), a valve regulated lead acid (“VRLA”) battery, a gel battery, an absorptive glass mat (“AGM”) battery, a deep cycle battery, a tubular battery, a motive battery, an inverter battery, a PSoC battery, a vehicle battery, a starting-lighting-ignition (“SLI”) vehicle battery, an idling-start-stop (“ISS”) vehicle battery, an automobile battery, a truck battery, a motorcycle battery, an all-terrain vehicle battery, a forklift battery, a golf cart battery, a hybrid-electric vehicle battery, an electric vehicle battery, a wheel chair battery, an e-rickshaw battery, an e-trike battery, an e-bike battery, and a marine vessel battery.