Planar conformal circuits for diagnostics

A conformal analyte sensor circuit comprising:

• a solid substrate having a surface comprising a porous nanotextured substrate;
• a conductive material situated on the surface of the solid substrate in a circuit design, thereby creating a circuit comprising a working electrode and a reference electrode;
• a programmable gain amplifier operably coupled to the working electrode and the reference electrode;
• and
• a programmable microcontroller operably coupled to the programmable gain amplifier, the working electrode, and the reference electrode, wherein the programmable microcontroller is configured to:
• (a) apply an alternating input electric voltage between the reference electrode and the working electrode of the conformal analyte sensor circuit;
• (b) vary a frequency of the alternating input electric voltage in an applied frequency spectrum between a minimum frequency and a maximum frequency;
• (c) amplify an output current flowing between the reference electrode and the working electrode using a programmable gain amplifier;
• (d) section an electrical double layer into a plurality of planes, wherein the electrical double layer is proximal to a surface of the working electrode and to a surface of the reference electrode;
• (e) identify the frequency of the alternating input electric voltage at which a maximum impedance change occurs using multi-slice splitting, wherein the applied frequency spectrum is sliced into individual discrete frequency points;
• (f) measure the impedance at the frequency identified in the previous step;
• and
• (g) use the measured impedance to detect the target analyte or calculate a concentration of the target analyte by use of a standard calibration curve.