Antimicrobial modified material for treatment of fluids

A method for treating water, the method comprising:

• flowing water through a vessel, the vessel comprising a plurality of media particles, wherein each media particle in the plurality of media particles comprises a surface with a quaternary ammonium compound;
• wherein:
• the plurality of media particles are porous media particles such that the plurality of media particles produce an intrinsic permeability of 10−6 centimeters squared or greater;
• the quaternary ammonium compound is silicon-free, copper-free and silver-free;
• each media particle in the plurality of media particles has a diameter of at least 1 mm and less than 300 mm;
• quaternary ammonium compound comprises at least one carbon chain having between 6 and 30 carbon atoms.

A method for treating a fluid, the method comprising:

• flowing a fluid through a vessel comprising a surface with an antimicrobial agent selected from a group consisting of a quaternary ammonium compound, a quaternary phosphonium compound and combinations thereof, wherein:
• the antimicrobial agent is silicon-free, copper-free and silver-free;
• and
• antimicrobial agent comprises at least one carbon chain having between 6 and 30 carbon atoms.

A method for storing a fluid, the method comprising:

• storing a fluid in a vessel comprising a surface with an antimicrobial agent selected from a group consisting of a quaternary ammonium compound, a quaternary phosphonium compound and combinations thereof, wherein:
• the antimicrobial agent is silicon-free, copper-free and silver-free;
• and
• antimicrobial agent comprises at least one carbon chain having between 6 and 30 carbon atoms.