One-Off Fertilization Method Suitable for Winter Wheat in Areas with Less Rainfall in Spring

A one-off fertilization method for winter wheat in areas with less rainfall in spring, comprising the following steps:

• (1) on a flat wheat block suitable for mechanized operations and after a harvest of preceding crops, carrying out a deep ploughing or a subsoiling in combination with a rotary tillage and a one-off fertilization for land preparation, without involving any top dressing in a later stage;
• and
• (2) carrying out a seeding operation by a wheat seeder, wherein a fertilizer of the one-off fertilization comprises a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, and a potassium fertilizer,
• for the nitrogen fertilizer, according to a nitrogen release period of a controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer, one of the following application modes is determined, and percentages are based on a total input of pure nitrogen:
• a. applying a polyurethane-coated controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer alone;
• b. applying a water-based resin-coated controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer special for wheat alone;
• c. applying a water-based resin-coated controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer special for wheat in combination with 20% to 30% of a polyurethane-coated controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer;
• or
• d. applying a thermoplastic or thermosetting resin-coated controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer in combination with 10% to 40% of a quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer;
• the phosphate fertilizer is one selected from the group consisting of a monoammonium phosphate fertilizer, a diammonium phosphate fertilizer, a superphosphate fertilizer and a triple superphosphate fertilizer;
• and
• the potassium fertilizer is a potassium chloride fertilizer or a potassium sulfate fertilizer;
• wherein
• the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer, and the potassium fertilizer are all in a form of granules;
• and
• applied amounts of the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer, and the potassium fertilizer are as follows:
• for a wheat field with a high soil fertility, wherein a plough layer depth is equal to or more than 20 cm, a soil organic matter content for 0-20 cm of soil layer is equal to or more than 2.0%, a total nitrogen content is equal to or more than 0.125%, a alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content is equal to or more than 120 mg/kg, a quick-acting phosphorus content is equal to or more than 30 mg/kg, a quick-acting potassium content is equal to or more than 150 mg/kg and a pH is 6.0-8.0:
• applying 240-300 kg·ha−1 of the nitrogen fertilizer (in pure N), 135-180 kg·ha−1 of the phosphate fertilizer (in P2O5), and 105-150 kg·ha−1 of the potassium fertilizer (in K2O);
• for a wheat field with a medium soil fertility, wherein, a plough layer depth is 15-20 cm, a soil organic matter content for 0-20 cm of soil layer is 1.5%-2.0%, a total nitrogen content is 0.10%-0.125%, a alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content is 90-120 mg/kg, a quick-acting phosphorus content is 20-30 mg/kg, a quick-acting potassium content is 100-150 mg/kg, and a pH is 8.0-8.5 or 5.5-6.0:
• applying 180-240 kg·ha−1 of the nitrogen fertilizer (in pure N), 105-135 kg·ha−1 of the phosphate fertilizer (in P2O5), and 75-105 kg·ha−1 of the potassium fertilizer (in K2O);
• and
• for a wheat field with a low soil fertility, wherein a plough layer depth is equal to or less than 15 cm, a soil organic matter content for 0-20 cm of soil layer is equal to or less than 1.5%, a total nitrogen content is equal to or less than 0.10%, an alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content is equal to or less than 90 mg/kg, a quick-acting phosphorus content is equal to or less than 20 mg/kg, a quick-acting potassium content is equal to or less than 100 mg/kg, and a pH is 8.5-9.0 or 5.0-5.5:
• applying 120-180 kg·ha−1 of the nitrogen fertilizer (in pure N), 75-105 kg ha−1 of the phosphate fertilizer (in P2O5), and 45-75 kg·ha−1 of the potassium fertilizer (in K2O).