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AssigneeQuantumScape Corporation
InventorsArnold ALLENIC, Cheng-Chieh CHAO, Lei CHENG, Niall DONNELLY, William H. GARDNER, Tim HOLME, Sriram IYER, Shuang LI
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Set forth herein are pellets, thin films, and monoliths of lithium-stuffed garnet electrolytes having engineered surfaces. These engineered surfaces have a list of advantageous properties including, but not limited to, low surface area resistance, high Li+ ion conductivity, low tendency for lithium dendrites to form within or thereupon when the electrolytes are used in an electrochemical cell. Other advantages include voltage stability and long cycle life when used in electrochemical cells as a separator or a membrane between the positive and negative electrodes. Also set forth herein are methods of making these electrolytes including, but not limited to, methods of annealing these electrolytes under controlled atmosphere conditions. Set forth herein, additionally, are methods of using these electrolytes in electrochemical cells and devices. The instant disclosure further includes electrochemical cells which incorporate the lithium-stuffed garnet electrolytes set forth herein.
1-76. (canceled)
An electrolyte separator,
The electrolyte separator of claim 1, wherein 6≤A≤8.
The electrolyte separator of claim 1, wherein A is 6, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, or 8.0.
The electrolyte separator of claim 1, wherein 2≤B<4.
The electrolyte separator of claim 1, wherein B is 2, 2.5, 3.0, or 3.5.
The electrolyte separator of claim 1, wherein 0.5≤C≤2.
The electrolyte separator of claim 1, wherein C is 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, or 2.0.
The electrolyte separator of claim 1, wherein both the top surface and bottom surfaces are characterized as having no secondary phases present on the top surface or bottom surface, wherein secondary phases are selected from LiAlO2, Li2ZrO3, LaAlO3, Li5AlO4, Li6Zr2O7, La2(Li,Al1-x)O4, wherein x is from 0 to 1, and combinations thereof.
The electrolyte separator of claim 1, having a Li-metal interface area specific resistance between 0 and 15 Ωcm2 at 60° C.
The electrolyte separator of claim 1, having a Li-metal interface area specific resistance of less than 2 Ωcm2 at 25° C.
The electrolyte separator of claim 1, wherein the separator is a pellet, a film, free-standing film, or a monolith.
An electrochemical cell comprising the electrolyte separator of claim 1, wherein the electrochemical cell further includes a gel electrolyte.
A method of cycling lithium through a solid-state lithium ion conducting ceramic, comprising:
A method of cycling lithium through a solid-state lithium ion conducting ceramic, comprising:
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.