A new inflammation associated, low cell count enterotype

A method of treating a subject, the method comprising:

• quantifying the number of microbial cells in a stool sample from the subject;
• determining that the microbiome composition of the stool sample is characterized by low microbial cell count, and by
• a high relative fraction of the Bacteroides genus, and/or
• a low relative fraction of the Facecalibacterium genus;
• and
• administering an effective amount of anti-inflammatory medication to the subject.