Methods of removing contaminants from a solution, and related systems

A system for removing one or more contaminants from a solution, the system comprising:

• a first cell comprising a first anode chamber electrically coupled to a first cathode chamber, a flow channel between the first anode chamber and the first cathode chamber;
• a second cell comprising a second anode chamber and a second cathode chamber;
• a first electrode flow circuit comprising a flowing electrode material comprising a MXene material connecting the first anode chamber and the second cathode chamber, wherein M is a metal and X is one or both of carbon and nitrogen;
• and
• a second electrode flow circuit comprising the flowing electrode material connecting the first cathode chamber to the second anode chamber.

A method of removing contaminants from a solution, the method comprising:

• flowing a solution including contaminants therein through a first flow channel between a first pair of electrodes in a first cell;
• flowing a slurry comprising a flowing electrode material comprising particles of a two dimensional material through the first pair of electrodes to adsorb the contaminants from the solution onto the flowing electrode material;
• and
• flowing the slurry through a second flow channel between a second pair of electrodes in a second cell to regenerate the flowing electrode material.