Bifacial light-harvesting dye-sensitized solar cell

A bifacial light-harvesting dye-sensitized solar cell, comprising:

• a first transparent substrate;
• a second transparent substrate, wherein a receiving space is formed between the second transparent substrate and the first transparent substrate;
• a working electrode disposed on the first transparent substrate and located inside the receiving space;
• a first semiconductor layer disposed on the working electrode and located inside the receiving space, wherein the first semiconductor layer has a first thickness and comprises a plurality of first semiconductor particles, and the plurality of first semiconductor particles have a first average particle diameter;
• a second semiconductor layer disposed on the first semiconductor layer and located inside the receiving space, wherein the second semiconductor layer has a second thickness and comprises a plurality of second semiconductor particles, and the plurality of second semiconductor particles have a second average particle diameter, wherein the second average particle diameter is greater than the first average particle diameter;
• a third semiconductor layer disposed on the second semiconductor layer and located inside the receiving space, wherein the third semiconductor layer has a third thickness and comprises a plurality of third semiconductor particles, and the plurality of third semiconductor particles have a third average particle diameter, wherein the second average particle diameter is greater than the third average particle diameter, and the third thickness is identical to or greater than the first thickness;
• a counter electrode disposed on the second transparent substrate and located inside the receiving space;
• a light-transmitting catalyst layer disposed on the counter electrode and located inside the receiving space;
• and
• a liquid electrolyte filled in the receiving space.