Methods, Systems, and Compositions for the Liquid-Phase Deposition of Thin Films onto the Surface of Battery Electrodes

A liquid phase deposition method for generating an artificial solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) on a surface of an active material of a lithium-ion battery electrode, comprising:

• (a) providing the lithium-ion battery electrode comprising the active material onto a roll-to-roll conveyance apparatus;
• (b) transferring, by the conveyance apparatus, the lithium-ion battery electrode to a first reaction chamber containing a first liquid solution comprising at least a first reagent;
• (c) exposing, by the conveyance apparatus, the lithium-ion battery electrode to the first liquid solution in the first reaction chamber to yield a partially coated layer of the artificial SEI with the at least first reagent chemically bonded onto the surface of the active material and an unreacted first reagent;
• (d) rinsing, in the first reaction chamber, the layer with a first rinsing solution comprising a first solvent to remove the unreacted first reagent;
• (e) transferring, by the conveyance apparatus, the lithium-ion battery electrode from (d) to a second reaction chamber containing a second liquid solution comprising at least a second reagent,
• (f) exposing, by the conveyance apparatus, the lithium-ion battery electrode to the second liquid solution in the second reaction chamber, wherein the at least second reagent reacts with the at least first reagent chemically bonded onto the surface of the active material to produce the artificial SEI comprising a monolayer on the surface of the active material, the monolayer comprising a compound generated from the reaction of the at least second reagent and the first reagent, and an unreacted second reagent;
• and
• (g) rinsing, in the second reaction chamber, the coating with a second rinsing solution comprising a second solvent to remove the unreacted second reagent.