Vehicle wheels, methods of making vehicle wheels, and dual wheel assemblies

A dual wheel assembly comprising:

• a first vehicle wheel and a second vehicle wheel, each of the first vehicle wheel and the second vehicle wheel comprising:
• a generally cylindrical first region comprising an outer surface and an inner surface;
• a second region extending radially inwardly from the first region, the second region configured to mount to a vehicle axle, the second region comprising:
• a first surface;
• a second surface, a distance from the first surface to the second surface defining a thickness;
• an opening extending from the first surface to the second surface and configured to receive at least a portion of a hub of the vehicle axle;
• and
• a hub surface adjacent to and surrounding the opening and extending from the first surface to the second surface, the hub surface comprising a generally flat portion and a relief portion adjacent to the second surface, wherein the relief portion surrounds the opening and extends along the hub surface for a distance of at least 25% of the thickness;
• wherein the first surface of the first vehicle wheel is adjacent to the first surface of the second vehicle wheel, and a central axis of the opening of the first vehicle wheel and a central axis of the opening of the second vehicle wheel are coaxial.

A method of producing a vehicle wheel, the method comprising:

• providing a vehicle wheel by a method comprising at least one of forming, curing, forging, casting, and additive manufacturing, the vehicle wheel comprising at least one of metal and a metal alloy, the vehicle wheel including
• a generally cylindrical first region comprising an outer surface and an inner surface;
• a second region extending radially inwardly from the first region, the second region configured to mount to a vehicle axle, the second region comprising:
• a first surface;
• a second surface, a distance from the first surface to the second surface defining a thickness;
• an opening extending from the first surface to the second surface and configured to receive at least a portion of a hub of the vehicle axle;
• and
• a hub surface adjacent to and surrounding the opening and extending from the first surface to the second surface, the hub surface comprising a generally flat portion and a relief portion adjacent to at least one of the first surface and the second surface, wherein the relief portion surrounds the opening and extends along the hub surface for a distance of at least 25% of the thickness.